LGBTQ-inclusive fan codes of conduct in US athletic departments: a multilevel analysis

Melton, E. Nicole; Cunningham, George B.; MacCharles, Jeffrey D.; Isard, Risa F.

doi:10.1108/ijsms-03-2022-0072

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Variations in the acceptance and urgency of social justice movements across different leagues underscore the complex landscape. Sport organizations, while increasingly emphasizing support for sexual minorities through Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives, face substantial backlash from certain segments of sports fans (Melton et al ., 2023). To comprehensively evaluate the impact of athlete activism, researchers and practitioners must adopt more systematic approaches in collecting self-report survey data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genuine or impression management? Uncovering biases in how people respond to the Black Lives Matter movement in sport

Park,

Kwak

2023

IJSMS

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PurposeNational surveys reveal that sports fans exhibit greater support for athletes, sports teams and leagues endorsing social justice initiatives compared to the general population, highlighting the potential of sports for positive social impact. This study investigates whether such responses are influenced by systematic biases.Design/methodology/approachReplicating a Nielsen national survey, two experiments explore whether biases affect support for athletes' participation in the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. The study also examines partisan motivated reasoning as a factor driving sports fans' support for BLM.FindingsWhile avid fans display stronger endorsement of BLM compared to causal/non-sports fans, evidence suggests that systematic biases distort these responses. When sport identity becomes salient, reported support for the BLM movement becomes inflated.Research limitations/implicationsResearchers often employ self-report surveys to gauge audience perceptions of athlete activism or cause-related initiatives, particularly when assessing their impact. This study's findings indicate that this context is susceptible to SDB.Originality/valueThe study underscores the role of systematic biases in self-report surveys, particularly in socially desirable contexts. People tend to over-report “positive behavior,” leading survey participants to respond more favorably to questions that are socially desirable. Therefore, interpreting survey results with caution becomes essential when the research context is deemed socially (un)desirable. It is crucial for researchers to apply appropriate measures to identify and mitigate systematic response biases. The authors recommend that researchers adopt both procedural and statistical remedies to detect and reduce social desirability biases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genuine or impression management? Uncovering biases in how people respond to the Black Lives Matter movement in sport

Park,

Kwak

2023

IJSMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Despite the size and buying power of this market, little sport marketing research has been dedicated to understanding LGBTQ + consumers. In this edition, Melton et al . (2023) adds to the nascent literature through their article LGBTQ Inclusive Fan Codes of Conduct in US Athletic Department: A Multilevel Analysis .…”

Section: Lgbtq + Voices In Sport Marketing Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%