LI.<i>Studies on the oxidation of metals</i>.—Part IV.<i>The oxide film on aluminium</i>

Preston, G.D.; Bircumshaw, L. L.

doi:10.1080/14786443608561716

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…At an ambient temperature aluminium forms a thin amorphous layer of aluminium oxide at its surface [9][10][11]. After 1 h a freshly exposed aluminium surface is reported to have an oxide thickness of some 1.5 nm [11], increasing slowly over time to an equilibrium amorphous film thickness of about 5 nm after a month [10].…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

Scratch resistance and adherence of novel organic–inorganic hybrid coatings on metallic and non-metallic substrates

Han

Taylor

Knowles

2009

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

Scratch resistance and adherence of novel organic–inorganic hybrid coatings on metallic and non-metallic substrates

Han

Taylor

Knowles

2009

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Besides his scientific career, Andre´Guinier founded, with Raymond Castaing (1921 32 and Jacques Friedel, the Laboratoire de Physique des Solides in Orsay in 1959. 33 He was a great teacher, who also wrote several books of high-quality popularization, [92,93] besides his classical The´orie et Technique de la Radiocristallographie.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preston subsequently mastered other related techniques such as the Laue and the oscillating crystal methods, which he used on single crystals of manganese to determine the complex atomic structure of both its a and its b-phase in order to supplement results previously obtained by the powder method. [26,27] He also used electron diffraction (see footnote 27) to ascertain the structure of thin films of metal oxides [28][29][30][31][32][33] in order to study surface oxidation of metals. For instance, as far as the oxidation of aluminum at high temperature is concerned, Preston probably was the first to mention that the oxidized film that forms at the surface of aluminum at high temperature differed from the usual rhombohedral form of alumina, as C.H.…”

Section: A X-ray Investigations On Metals and Metallic Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preston of the Guinier-Preston Zones. Guinier

Duparc

2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…In air at low temperatures, it has been observed that the oxide film naturally present on aluminium is amorphous [27,28], or at least has poorly developed long-range order [29]. The amorphous film is typically very thin, with estimates of the thickness ranging from 20-45Å [28], to about 100Å [30], and up to 2-3 nm [31].…”

Section: The Various Forms Of Aluminium Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the literature on solid aluminium oxidation, there is a much smaller body of work on the structure of oxides formed on (pure) molten aluminium (e.g. [27,[67][68][69][70][71][72]). From this relatively limited amount of available literature, there appear to be some similarities with behaviour observed in the solid-state.…”

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confidence: 99%

A microstructural and kinetic study of molten aluminium oxidation in relation to dross formation

Bonner¹

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Oxidation and dross formation on molten aluminium is estimated to directly cause losses of tens of millions of dollars per annum to the Australian smelting industry. Although there has been significant study of molten aluminium oxidation over the past few decades, the formation mechanisms are still not fully understood. There is also lack of reliable and useful kinetic data that can be applied to computational simulations of industrial melt handling processes involving the oxidation of either quiescent pools or turbulent transfers of molten aluminium. There is additional uncertainty in the literature relating to the physical processes underlying molten aluminium oxidation, and the microstructural evolution of the growing oxide film. Past oxidation studies have been confounded by the detrimental effect of the pre-existing oxide ubiquitously present on aluminium specimens. Recent studies conducted at The University of Queensland have indicated a way forward in this respect, with the development of an experimental technique that enables the melt surface to be skimmed free of pre-existing oxide prior to each oxidation experiment. This project is based on previous outcomes and expands on them to create new insights into the oxidative behaviour of molten aluminium in response to various key parameters, such as melt temperature and isothermal holding time. It also aims to resolve some ambiguities in the literature.Melts of commercial purity aluminium were isothermally held at various temperatures ranging from 750°C to 900°C, and exposed to ambient air for times ranging up to ~20 h. The oxide grown on each melt was removed and treated to separate the oxide itself from the underlying aluminium metal, using a molten salt flux. The mass of oxide was then determined as a function of melt temperature and exposure time. These gravimetric experiments were complemented by morphological and microstructural characterization of grown oxide films, using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. These two approaches were combined to develop a simple kinetic model based on the parabolic rate law.The amount of oxide formed was found to be significantly lower than what has previously been reported, and was attributed to the removal of the pre-existing oxide. The amount of oxide that formed increased with increasing temperature, and the oxidation rate continuously decreased with increasing exposure time. These observations are consistent with diffusion-limited growth.Microstructural characterisation showed two stages of oxidation. In the early stage, nano-sized, planar, polyhedral crystallites of γ-alumina nucleate at the metal/oxide interface. In the later stage, flake-like γ-alumina crystallites were observed to grow outwards from the oxide/air interface. The time at which the second stage of growth became active decreased with increasing temperature, and the flake-like crystallites continued to increase in size with increasing exposure time.iii Crystallographic texture was obser...

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LI.Studies on the oxidation of metals.—Part IV.The oxide film on aluminium

Cited by 45 publications

References 7 publications

Scratch resistance and adherence of novel organic–inorganic hybrid coatings on metallic and non-metallic substrates

Scratch resistance and adherence of novel organic–inorganic hybrid coatings on metallic and non-metallic substrates

The Preston of the Guinier-Preston Zones. Guinier

A microstructural and kinetic study of molten aluminium oxidation in relation to dross formation

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