Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: A review

Rui, Xianhong; Yan, Qingyu; Skyllas‐Kazacos, Maria; Lim, Tuti Mariana

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.126

Cited by 300 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 311 publications

(395 reference statements)

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“…• C. 8,36 In order to determine the best synthesis conditions to obtain phase-pure LVPP, a preliminary study on the phase formation has been carried out by analyzing the compounds obtained after calcination at different temperatures in the range 300-800…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2-6 For instance, monoclinic Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 can theoretically deliver a capacity of 197 mA h g −1 when all the three Li ions are extracted at an average potential of 4.1 V. 7,8 As suggested by Goodenough and his coworkers, the above described material operates at a higher potential compared to their iron equivalent due to the inductive effect between vanadium and the phosphate groups.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…However, monoclinic LVP suffers from sharp drop in electronic conductivity and structural instability with deep de-lithiation at high potentials. 8 This makes the extraction of the third lithium unfeasible, thus limiting the specific capacity to 131 mA h g −1 . On further exploration, a new class of lithium-rich phosphate, with composition Li 9 M 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3( PO 4 ) 2 (M = Fe, Al, Cr, Ga) was identified and firstly reported in 1998 by S. Poisson et al in his studies on A 2 O-M 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 (A = Li, Na; M = Fe, Al, Cr, Ga) glasses.…”

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Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li₉V₃(P₂O₇)₃(PO₄)₂as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

Balasubramanian

Mancini

Axmann

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report about a cost-effective synthesis approach for obtaining layered lithium vanadium monodiphosphate Li 9 V 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (LVPP) as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. This polyanionic cathode framework can exchange more than one electron per transition metal at high potentials versus lithium. The influence of crystallite size, carbon coating and working potential window on the electrochemical performance of Li 9 V 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is reported. The extraction of nearly 5 Li + ions during the first cycle between 2 and 4.8 V is reached for LVPP with crystallite size of 40 nm and 4.4% carbon coating. A stable reversible specific capacity of 115 mA h g −1 is achieved when cycled between 2 and 4. The demand for new electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries is ever-growing as the applications that require high energy and high power is on the rise. An ideal cathode material for lithium-ion batteries should have versatile properties such as high specific capacity, high redox potential, fast kinetics, long cycle life, low cost, environment compatibility and thermal safety. Until now, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) appears to be the favorite for electro mobility and energy storage applications.1 Despite its intrinsic advantages, especially in terms of safety, LFP suffers from low practically available energy density. With respect to the currently used cathode materials, higher specific energy is achievable through either operating at higher voltage or by enhancing the specific capacity of the active material.After the encounter of monoclinic Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP) which has higher specific energy than LFP, vanadium phosphates and oxy phosphates have been gaining considerable attention as alternative cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.2-6 For instance, monoclinic Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 can theoretically deliver a capacity of 197 mA h g −1 when all the three Li ions are extracted at an average potential of 4.1 V. 7,8 As suggested by Goodenough and his coworkers, the above described material operates at a higher potential compared to their iron equivalent due to the inductive effect between vanadium and the phosphate groups.2 This results in increased specific energy. However, monoclinic LVP suffers from sharp drop in electronic conductivity and structural instability with deep de-lithiation at high potentials.8 This makes the extraction of the third lithium unfeasible, thus limiting the specific capacity to 131 mA h g −1 . On further exploration, a new class of lithium-rich phosphate, with composition Li 9 M 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3( PO 4 ) 2 (M = Fe, Al, Cr, Ga) was identified and firstly reported in 1998 by S. Poisson et al. in his studies on A 2 O-M 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 (A = Li, Na; M = Fe, Al, Cr, Ga) glasses.9 Since then, various research groups have investigated Li 9 M 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3( PO 4 ) 2 (M = Fe, Ga, Cr) structures and their properties for various applications. [10][11][12][13] The potential application of the vanadium-based lithium monodiphosphate Li 9 V 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (LVPP) ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li₉V₃(P₂O₇)₃(PO₄)₂as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

Balasubramanian

Mancini

Axmann

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…33 An alternative approach is provided by controlled synthesis of these phosphate materials with optimized particle size and morphology, 19 as well as particle surface modification in terms of thin carbon layers. 19,[21][22][23][24][25] For this purpose, the solvothermal synthesis route offers additional flexibility in controlling morphology, grain size, and in-situ carbon coating and thus has been used for synthesizing transition metal phosphates like LiFePO 4 , Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and LiTi 2 (PO 4 ). [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The transition metal phosphate electrode materials with defined morphology and particle size prepared by solvothermal/hydrothermal methods provide a superior electrochemical performance compared to conventional preparation methods like solid-state reaction or sol-gel route.…”

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An Advanced All Phosphate Lithium-Ion Battery Providing High Electrochemical Stability, High Rate Capability and Long-Term Cycling Performance

Yu¹,

Kungl²,

Eichel³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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High rate capability and long-term cycling spindle-like LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C anode and needle-like Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode have been evaluated in half-cell, and combined to fabricate an advanced fast cyclable all phosphate lithium-ion battery. The electrode materials with well-defined morphology were prepared by a solvothermal reaction followed by annealing, delivering capacities of 115.0 and 118.1 mAh · g −1 at 25 • C over 200 cycles at 0.5 C, respectively. For the full cell assembly, no prelithiation process is needed for the selected electrode pair due to their mutually matched capacity and stoichiometric amount of lithium-ions. The fabricated full cell, with an output voltage of more than 1.5 V, inherits a superior rate capability and cycling performance of its electrodes. A discharge capacity of 36 mAh · g −1 at 30 C (about 30% of the initial discharge capacity at 0.1 C) and a capacity retention of ∼35% at 5 C over 1000 cycles has been achieved. Furthermore, one of the most important reasons for the capacity fading in the full cell during long-term cycling is found to be a decomposition and structural degradation of Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronics and are a promising energy storage system for electric vehicles because of their high energy density and long cycle life.1,2 However, current lithium-ion battery technologies are still far from satisfaction to meet the increasingly diverse range of applications. For instance, the use of lithium-ion cells in large scale applications, such as electric vehicles, demands high charge/discharge cycling performance and an inherent high thermal stability.3,4 Micro-lithium-ion batteries which can be applied to human body require in first instance the considerations of safety issue and cycling performance. 5,6 For the development of a novel type of lithium-ion battery like all-solid-state lithium-ion battery, one of the urgent needs to be addressed is to improve the ionic and electronic conductivity among the whole battery system. 7,8 Additionally, high rate performance and long cycle life are required for lithium-ion battery as stationary application for power management. To advance the battery technologies according the desired applications, it is important to explore the cathode and anode materials, and match them reasonably and to investigate their electrochemical performances. [10][11][12] have attracted much attention because more than two formula units of Li-ions can possibly intercalate/deintercalate into/from their host crystal structure during discharge/charge at a moderate working potential. On the basis of the crystal structure in these cathode materials, the use of phosphate polyanions (PO 4 ) 3− is considered as a potential alternative to oxide-based cathodes. The strong P−O bonds and the framework of (PO 4 ) 3− anions can guarantee both the dynamic and thermal stabilities required to fulfill the safety requisites in high-power applications.18 More than that, phosphate materials are also believed to be superior candidates of an...

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“…(16), where M refers to one or multiple transition metals, and O refers to oxygen, though other anion species have been reported such as phosphates. [242][243][244][245] During the discharge process, the metal oxides are lithiated by Li þ insertion coupled with transition metal reduction by electrons originated from the anode. The charge process is the reaction reversed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials

Koenig

2017

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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Energy storage is increasingly important for a diversity of applications. Batteries can be used to store solar or wind energy providing power when the Sun is not shining or wind speed is insufficient to meet power demands. For large scale energy storage, solutions that are both economically and environmentally friendly are limited. Flow batteries are a type of battery technology which is not as well-known as the types of batteries used for consumer electronics, but they provide potential opportunities for large scale energy storage. These batteries have electrochemical recharging capabilities without emissions as is the case for other rechargeable battery technologies; however, with flow batteries, the power and energy are decoupled which is more similar to the operation of fuel cells. This decoupling provides the flexibility of independently designing the power output unit and energy storage unit, which can provide cost and time advantages and simplify future upgrades to the battery systems. One major challenge of the existing commercial flow battery technologies is their limited energy density due to the solubility limits of the electroactive species. Improvements to the energy density of flow batteries would reduce their installed footprint, transportation costs, and installation costs and may open up new applications. This review will discuss the background, current progress, and future directions of one unique class of flow batteries that attempt to improve on the energy density of flow batteries by switching to solid electroactive materials, rather than dissolved redox compounds, to provide the electrochemical energy storage.

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Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: A review

Cited by 300 publications

References 311 publications

Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li₉V₃(P₂O₇)₃(PO₄)₂as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li₉V₃(P₂O₇)₃(PO₄)₂as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

An Advanced All Phosphate Lithium-Ion Battery Providing High Electrochemical Stability, High Rate Capability and Long-Term Cycling Performance

Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials

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Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: A review

Cited by 300 publications

References 311 publications

Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

An Advanced All Phosphate Lithium-Ion Battery Providing High Electrochemical Stability, High Rate Capability and Long-Term Cycling Performance

Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials

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Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li₉V₃(P₂O₇)₃(PO₄)₂as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Li₉V₃(P₂O₇)₃(PO₄)₂as High Voltage Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries