Liberal and Licensed Professions

Carboni, Carlo

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669745.013.42

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“…For notaries and pharmacists there are also quantitative restrictions, driving up costs for licences. Many Italians perceive of the professionals as an elite class that enjoys special privileges – a world that is difficult to penetrate for outsiders or young people who do not have the right connections (Carboni, 2015).…”

Section: Liberalization Of Professions In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The many lawyers in parliament, for example, did not accept this line of argumentation and stood in a bipartisan way behind the Bar Association to oppose liberalizations. In that period, 44 per cent of parliamentarians were also member of a professional order (Carboni, 2015). Ichino, a lawyer himself, was considered a traitor for supporting the reforms (interview 6).…”

Section: Liberalization Of Professions In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation^*

Bokhorst

2021

J of Common Market Studies

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This paper examines whether and how the European Semester has influenced structural reforms in member states. It does so by analysing the interaction between the Commission and the national bureaucratic and political levels. The paper presents two process‐tracing exercises with a focus on those actors that directly worked with the CSRs to assess the political dynamics underpinning the CSR implementation process. First, it examines the more nuanced and indirect effects the Semester had on the liberalization of professions in Italy. Second, it shows how the debate on wage indexation in Belgium turned around over the years and how the Semester was an important factor in introducing reform. The analysis shows the influence of the Semester in terms of issue salience and agenda setting, but it also shows how the Commission can exert real pressure. This pressure may in turn affect the EU's perceived legitimacy, which holds lessons for the Semester's post‐pandemic transformation.

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Section: Liberalization Of Professions In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liberalization Of Professions In Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation^*

Bokhorst

2021

J of Common Market Studies

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Liberal and Licensed Professions

Cited by 1 publication

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The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation^*

The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation^*

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Liberal and Licensed Professions

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation*

The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation*

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The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation^*

The Influence of the European Semester: Case Study Analysis and Lessons for its Post‐Pandemic Transformation^*