Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present an exploratory practice-based framework that identifies strategic goals, objectives, and activities for each of the five areas of modern-day reference, namely -access to electronic resources, user instruction, library commons, outreach liaison, and virtual reference -with a focus on meeting the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals during the coming out process. Design/methodology/approach -The paper highlights findings for progressive reference services in the twenty-first century based on qualitative studies and action research conducted by two openly gay library and information science professionals in the University of Tennessee-Knoxville during the period 2005-2011. Findings -Findings reveal elements of the proposed framework geared towards meeting the needs of LGBTQ patrons during the five phases of coming out -self-recognition, sharing with other LGBTQ people, telling close friends/family, positive self-identification, and integration of LGBTQ identity. Originality/value -Minimal research has been done involving reference services for LGBTQ patrons. This paper's original value is in its extended vision of traditional reference that focused solely on information provision to a more encompassing conceptualization and implementation that designs, delivers, and assesses reference services in a community engagement context to develop fair and equitable services for LGBTQ patrons.