“…Moreover, researchers conducting a study of 788 Canadian library staff with instructional responsibilities found that many used self-directed or self-selected postgraduate professional learning experiences (e.g., attending workshops, reviewing the literature) or informal job-based learning offerings to prepare for their teaching responsibilities (Julien & Genuis, 2011). Other scholars have focused on how librarians have used such resources, including job-embedded professional learning (Click & Walker, 2010;Nichols Hess, 2016;Shamchuk, 2015;Walter, 2006), instruction-centric institutional offerings (Hoseth, 2009;Otto, 2014), and a variety of professional mentorship relationships (James, Rayner, & Bruno, 2015;Lorenzetti & Powelson, 2015;Mavrinac, 2005) to support their own teaching identity development. These researchers' works emphasize that academic librarians only begin to learn the pedagogical essentials after they earn Master's of Library or Information Science (MLIS) degrees.…”