Libyan Petroleum Institute experience in evaluation ofdesalination plants in the Libyan oil sector

Al-Hengari, Salah; El-Bousiffi, Mohamed; ElMoudir, Walid

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.07.003

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Libya is an oil-producing country whose economy depends on the gas industry. The oil and gas facilities are scattered all over the country, onshore and offshore, in which water demands for quality and quantity are very high (Al-Hengari, et al, 2007). The major environmental concerns in Libya are water availability and the depletion of underground water as a result of overuse in agricultural developments, causing salinity and seawater penetration into the coastal aquifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation profile and mobility pattern of metals in sediments from the Mediterranean Coast, Libya

Nasr

Okbah

Haddad³

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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A five-step sequential extraction technique, following Tessier's protocol, has been applied to determine the chemical association of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn with major sedimentary phases (exchangeable, carbonate, manganese and iron oxides, organic and residual fraction) in surface sediments from 14 stations off the Libyan Mediterranean coast. This study is a first approach of chemical fractionation of these metals in one of the most economically important area of the Libyan coastline in Mediterranean Sea. The total metal content was also determined. The total concentration of metals ranged from 5-10.5 mg/kg for Cd, 9.1-22.7 mg/kg for Cu, 141.8-1056.8 mg/kg for Fe, 18.9-56.9 mg/kg for Pb, and 11.6-30.5 mg/kg for Zn. The results of the partitioning study showed that the residual form was the dominant fraction of the selected metals among most of the studied locations. The degree of surface sediment contamination was computed for risk assessment code (RAC), individual contamination factor (ICF), and Global contamination factor (GCF). Risk assessment code classification showed that the relative amounts of easily dissolved phase of trace metals in the sediments are in the order of Pb>Zn>Cd>Cu>Fe. The results of ICF and GCF showed that Sirt and Abu Kammashand had higher GCF than other sites indicating higher environmental risk. In terms of ICF value, a decrease order in environmental risk by trace metals was Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd>Fe. Therefore, Pb had highest risk to water body.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation profile and mobility pattern of metals in sediments from the Mediterranean Coast, Libya

Nasr

Okbah

Haddad³

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By contrast, Arab and African countries have been overlooked. Libya is the largest African supplier of crude oil and gas to Western countries so it is fitting to study the effect of culture on budgeting within this industry in Libya (Al-Hengari, El-Bousiffi & El-Moudir 2007, Hafner 2002.…”

Section: Power Distancementioning

confidence: 99%