Licensing small modular reactors: A state-of-the-art review of the challenges and barriers

Sam, Rohunsingh; Sainati, Tristano; Hanson, Bruce; Kay, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104859

Progress in Nuclear Energy

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2023.104859

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Licensing small modular reactors: A state-of-the-art review of the challenges and barriers

Rohunsingh Sam,

Tristano Sainati,

Bruce Hanson

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…These enhanced safety margins, in certain instances, eradicate or substantially reduce the possibility of the release of hazardous emissions of radioactivity into the environment and the general population in the event of an accident. Moreover, SMR designs benefit from incorporating existing safeguards and security prerequisites [103].…”

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confidence: 99%

Selected Legal and Safety Aspects of the “Coal-To-Nuclear” Strategy in Poland

Chmielewska-Śmietanko,

Miśkiewicz,

Smoliński

et al. 2024

Energies

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Poland is actively exploring the application of nuclear power as a substitute for its present reliance on fossil fuels for the generation of heat and electricity. This change reflects a calculated attempt to reduce carbon emissions, diversify the nation’s energy sources, and enhance the sustainability of its energy infrastructure. However, the implementation of nuclear technology faces many challenges, such as radiation exposure, the production of radioactive waste, the off-site effects of nuclear accidents, and high capital costs. Addressing such nuclear-safety-related issues is crucial for nuclear technology’s successful deployment. An extended analysis of the “coal-to-nuclear” process in terms of its safety has to be performed. Therefore, this review paper covers multidisciplinary studies related to the rollout of nuclear energy in Poland. The first stage of this study was the identification of the key areas of analysis, which included (i) formal requirements and recommendations imposed by international and national organizations on the process of designing and operating nuclear power systems; (ii) potential nuclear hazards for the personnel working at a nuclear reactor unit and the local population; (iii) the applied solutions of the security systems of a reactor itself, the steam turbine cycle, and the auxiliary infrastructure; and (iv) the management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. This methodology, developed based on a review of the literature and international standards, was tested for the selected country—Poland.

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confidence: 99%

Selected Legal and Safety Aspects of the “Coal-To-Nuclear” Strategy in Poland

Chmielewska-Śmietanko,

Miśkiewicz,

Smoliński

et al. 2024

Energies

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Review of Small Modular Reactors: Challenges in Safety and Economy to Success

Lee

2024

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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This paper explores the paradigm shift in nuclear energy generation from large, centralized nuclear power plants towards small modular reactors (SMRs), in response to the evolving economic, safety, and environmental challenges faced by the nuclear industry. For over 70 years, nuclear power has been a cornerstone of electricity generation, offering a low-carbon, reliable, and cost-effective solution. However, the traditional model of large-scale nuclear reactors has encountered significant barriers, including high financial risks, stringent safety concerns, and a lack of adaptability to smaller electrical grids, and changing energy markets. With over 70 types of SMRs currently under development globally, this study reviews several prominent models to assess their general characteristics and potential advantages. Through simple physical and economic models, the paper evaluates the impact of reducing reactor size on efficiency, safety, and cost, highlighting the shared traits and innovations across different SMR designs. The findings indicate that SMRs could address many of the limitations of conventional nuclear power, offering more flexible, scalable, and economically viable options for electricity generation. This paper finally tries to identify key technologies and strategic considerations essential for their successful deployment in a rapidly transforming global energy landscape.

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Numerical study of the effect of helical fuel rod geometry on single-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics

Fu,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Annals of Nuclear Energy

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Licensing small modular reactors: A state-of-the-art review of the challenges and barriers

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Selected Legal and Safety Aspects of the “Coal-To-Nuclear” Strategy in Poland

Selected Legal and Safety Aspects of the “Coal-To-Nuclear” Strategy in Poland

Review of Small Modular Reactors: Challenges in Safety and Economy to Success

Numerical study of the effect of helical fuel rod geometry on single-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics

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