Lichen compounds of common epiphytic Parmeliaceae species deter gastropods both in laboratory and in Central European temperate forests

Černajová, Ivana; Svoboda, David

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2014.03.004

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Further, lichens with reduced levels of CBSCs supported higher springtail species richness. While this is the first study to investigate how the abundance of lichen-associated invertebrates are affected by lichen CBSCs, our results for the arthropods (but not the nematodes) are consistent with other studies pointing to increased consumption and higher survival rates of gastropods and lepidopteran larvae following CBSC removal (Gauslaa, 2005;P€ oykk€ o et al, 2005;Cernajov a and Svoboda, 2014). The overall positive response of mites to reduced levels of CBSCs was largely due to Astigmata-Prostigmata (the most abundant group), being negatively affected at least in part by these defence compounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Removal of secondary compounds increases invertebrate abundance in lichens

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Removal of secondary compounds increases invertebrate abundance in lichens

et al. 2015

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“…Co‐existing snail species may prefer different lichen species, and weight increase in juvenile snails varies greatly depending on which lichen species the snails are fed (Baur, Baur & Fröberg, ; Fröberg et al, ; Baur et al, ). A major driver of lichen palatability is their secondary chemistry; the presence of CBSCs is an important determinant of lichen palatability and the removal of CBSCs greatly increases the consumption of lichens by snails (Gauslaa, ; Pöykkö, Hyvärinen & Bačkor, ; Černajová & Svoboda, ), as we discuss below. Furthermore, Asplund & Wardle () found that generalist snails preferred fruticose to foliose lichens, and foliose chlorolichens over cephalo‐ and cyanolichens.…”

Section: How Variation Among Lichens Affects Their Interactions With mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent studies have utilized 100% acetone to non‐destructively remove CBSCs from living air‐dry lichens; this enables comparisons between lichen material which does versus does not have CBSCs present (Solhaug & Gauslaa, , ). This approach provides a unique way to test the role CBSCs play in lichen–invertebrate interactions while avoiding other confounding factors, and it has been used in several studies to show that lichen CBSCs do indeed deter invertebrates (Reutimann & Scheidegger, ; Gauslaa, ; Pöykkö et al, ; Asplund & Wardle, ; Černajová & Svoboda, ; Asplund et al, 2015 a ). For instance, Gauslaa () offered the snail C. hortensis a choice between lichens with and without CBSCs and found a significant preference for the acetone‐rinsed thalli in 14 out of the 17 tested lichen species.…”

Section: How Variation Among Lichens Affects Their Interactions With mentioning

confidence: 99%

How lichens impact on terrestrial community and ecosystem properties

2016

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Lichens occur in most terrestrial ecosystems; they are often present as minor contributors, but in some forests, drylands and tundras they can make up most of the ground layer biomass. As such, lichens dominate approximately 8% of the Earth's land surface. Despite their potential importance in driving ecosystem biogeochemistry, the influence of lichens on community processes and ecosystem functioning have attracted relatively little attention. Here, we review the role of lichens in terrestrial ecosystems and draw attention to the important, but often overlooked role of lichens as determinants of ecological processes. We start by assessing characteristics that vary among lichens and that may be important in determining their ecological role; these include their growth form, the types of photobionts that they contain, their key functional traits, their water-holding capacity, their colour, and the levels of secondary compounds in their thalli. We then assess how these differences among lichens influence their impacts on ecosystem and community processes. As such, we consider the consequences of these differences for determining the impacts of lichens on ecosystem nutrient inputs and fluxes, on the loss of mass and nutrients during lichen thallus decomposition, and on the role of lichenivorous invertebrates in moderating decomposition. We then consider how differences among lichens impact on their interactions with consumer organisms that utilize lichen thalli, and that range in size from microfauna (for which the primary role of lichens is habitat provision) to large mammals (for which lichens are primarily a food source). We then address how differences among lichens impact on plants, through for example increasing nutrient inputs and availability during primary succession, and serving as a filter for plant seedling establishment. Finally we identify areas in need of further work for better understanding the role of lichens in terrestrial ecosystems. These include understanding how the high intraspecific trait variation that characterizes many lichens impacts on community assembly processes and ecosystem functioning, how multiple species mixtures of lichens affect the key community- and ecosystem-level processes that they drive, the extent to which lichens in early succession influence vascular plant succession and ecosystem development in the longer term, and how global change drivers may impact on ecosystem functioning through altering the functional composition of lichen communities.

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“…During long evolutionary histories, species have adapted to specific environmental conditions like nutrient availability and grazing pressure. In general, N concentration is a good predictor of fodder quality for herbivores (Mattson, 1980), and thus of grazing pressure that is, however, controlled by CBSCs (Gauslaa, 2005, Pöykkö et al, 2005, Asplund and Wardle, 2013, Cernajová and Svoboda, 2014). An interspecific trade-off between total medullary CBSC concentration and the C/N-ratio, implying a positive relationship between medullary CBSC and N content, is consistent with strong carbon based herbivore defense level in N-rich lichen species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%