Lichen diversity as indicators for monitoring ecosystem health in Rawa Danau Nature Reserve, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Khastini RO, Sari IJ, Herysca Y, Sulasanah S. 2018. Lichen diversity as indicators for monitoring ecosystem health in Rawa Danau Nature Reserve, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 489-496. Study on environmental changes is very important in present circumstances throughout the world. Lichen biodiversity may provide an excellent measure in bio-monitoring on the ecosystem health of nature reserve areas such as Rawa Danau in Banten Province, Indonesia. At present, this area is highly disturbed due to ecological factors and human activities such as land use for agricultural land and residential area. The objective of this research is to provide the information needed for assessing ecosystem health which will be revealed by the diversity of lichens in the study area. The study was conducted using transect-based plot in three landscapes: residential area, primary forest and secondary forest, while exploration technique was carried out in freshwater swamp area. The cover for lichen species in the substrates and the number of species present were recorded. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was also calculated. A total of 86 specimens were collected from these four areas which resulted in the occurrence of 25 species of lichens belonging to 20 genera and 14 families. Shannon-Winner’s diversity index are ranging from 1.7197 at residential area to 2.6678 at swamp area. The variation in species composition is likely associated with the abiotic and biotic factors of each landscape with the differences in lichen diversity across landscapes suggest an altered environmental condition of in Rawa Danau. The results of this study can be used as baseline information of ecosystem health of Rawa Danau Nature Reserve in the face of future environmental changes.

Relationship between lichen diversity and air quality in urban region in Bourdj Bou Arriridj, Algeria

“…Rich epiphyte vegetation with high species diversity was observed in rural stations, far from sources of pollution. The same observations have been reported by several authors (Batic and Mayrhofer 1996;Cazaux and Saint-Cricq 2010;Das et al 2013;Agnan et al 2017;Khastini et al 2019). This diversity is influenced by important air humidity (Jayalal et al 2015).…”

“…This heterogeneous distribution of epiphytic vegetation in the area studied is likely the result of alterations in atmospheric pollution and the ecological factors that play important role in the specific diversity of lichens (Jovan 2008;Das et al 2013;Jayalal et al 2015;Dron et al 2016;Khastini et al 2019). The overall average of the LDV index in the study area was low.…”

“…A decrease of the specific diversity (< 20%) was found at the urban locations of Ras El-Oued, El-Ansseur, El-M'hir, El-Hamadia, Khelil, Tixter and Bordj Bou Arreridj. These locations are characterized by industrial activities (small industries and quarries) as well as the density of road traffic which cause the epiphytic vegetation to regress (Agnés and Galinou 1993;Gombert et al 2004;Seaward 2008;Llop et al 2012;Das et al 2013;Sett and Kundu 2016;Khastini et al 2019), Attanayaka and Wijeyaratne 2013;Kar et al 2014). Elsewhere, pollution carried by wind may be another source that could affect stations in the south of the region, limiting the extent of epiphyte species by diminishing their abundance and diversity values (Käffer et al 2011).…”

Biomonitoring of air pollution by lichen diversity in the urban area of Setif, Algeria

“…There was a very heterogeneous distribution of epiphytic lichens across municipalities of the Setif region. This result is due to the influence of ecological factors that play an important role in the diversity of lichens (Dron et al 2016;Jayalal et al 2016;Khastini et al 2019;Munzi et al 2012;Ochoa-Jimenez et al 2015), and probably to the action of the atmospheric pollution which is raging in the region). Road traffic is the main factor contributing to the increase in gas levels in the region, since SO2 and NOx are mainly released by motor vehicles compared to other sources such as industrial and agricultural activities (Firdous et al 2017;Marmor and Randlane 2007).…”

The lichens and allied fungi of the southern part of the Kenozersky National Park (Arkhangelsk Region, NW Russia)

“…Lichenological studies of protected areas are traditionally of great interest due to the high preservation status of natural communities and their significant role in maintaining biodiversity and conservation of rare and protected species (Dymytrova et al, 2014). Lichen diversity can serve as an effective indicator for biomonitoring in natural ecosystems (Khastini et al, 2019). It is also used for assessing the scale of dynamic processes associated with both global and regional factors (McMullin et al, 2016;Brzeziecki, 2017), forecasting the state of ecosystems and developing effective measures for their conservation (Waser et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2016).…”