Lichen Metabolites: An Overview of Some Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Potential

Goga, Michal; Elečko, Ján; Marcinčinová, Margaréta; Ručová, Dajana; Bačkorová, Miriam; Bačkor, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_57-1

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…It was observed that PCNA protein expression decreased insignificantly in three extracts of Cladonia fimbriata , which conflicts with other studies. Environmental factors including temperature, seasonality, UV-exposure, elevation as well as age of lichens influence secondary metabolites [ 38 ]. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the contradicting results could be caused by various other factors such as the type of cancer cell line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of lichen species on human prostate carcinoma cells

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of lichen species on human prostate carcinoma cells

et al. 2020

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“…Cladonia lichens produce several compounds, chiefly aliphatic acids (e.g., rangiformic and bourgeanic acids), dibenzofurans (e.g., usnic acid), depsides (e.g., homosekikaic and perlatolic acids, atranorin), and depsidones (e.g., fumarprotocetraric, norstictic, and psoromic acids) [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Some of them show cytotoxic activity and are much studied for their pharmacological potential [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], but their ecological roles have been addressed more rarely. More investigated are allelopathic [ 44 , 45 , 46 ] and anti-herbivorous [ 47 , 48 , 49 ] effects, rarer are ecological studies that investigated their roles in photoprotection [ 50 , 51 , 52 ] and in regulating species’ preferences for substrate pH [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 53 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The position of pycnidia may also vary, developing either on the primary or secondary thallus [ 12 , 13 ]. Cladonia lichens produce several secondary metabolites, some of them being widely studied due to their potential cytotoxic activity [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, their relationships with environmental factors have been little explored [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Chemical Traits of Cladonia Respond to Multiple Environmental Factors in Acidic Dry Grasslands

et al. 2021

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Terricolous lichen communities in lowlands occur especially in open dry habitats. Such communities are often dominated by species of the genus Cladonia, which are very variable in morphology, reproduction strategies, and secondary metabolites. In this work, we investigated traits-environment relationships considering vegetation dynamics, substrate pH, disturbance, and climate. A total of 122 plots were surveyed in 41 acidic dry grasslands in the western Po Plain (Northern Italy). Relationships between Cladonia traits and environmental variables were investigated by means of a model-based Fourth Corner Analysis. Thallus morphology and metabolites responded to vegetation dynamics, substrate pH, disturbance, and climate, whereas reproduction strategies responded only to vegetation dynamics. Traits’ correlations with vegetation dynamics elucidate their colonization patterns in open dry habitats or suggest biotic interactions with bryophytes and vascular plants. In addition, correlations between metabolites and environmental factors support interpretations of their ecological roles. Our results also stress the importance of studying traits’ relationships with climatic factors as an alert towards lichen reactions to climate change.

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“…In fact, before the establishment of symbiotic relationships between terrestrial plants and microorganisms, lichens, as a classic example of a symbiosis involving algae, were amongst the early colonizers of many landscapes, adapting to severe conditions in pre-vascular plants. They inhabit rocks or sandy soil and make substrates for mosses and vascular plants available through the production of secondary metabolites, collectively referred to as lichen acids [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Microorganisms In the Evolution Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture

et al. 2021

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Terrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolved relationships with plants that range from non-dependent interactions to dependent endosymbionts. The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. Microbes were associated with the precursors of land plants, green algae, and helped algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. In the terrestrial setting the phytomicrobiome contributes to plant growth and development by (1) establishing symbiotic relationships between plant growth-promoting microbes, including rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, (2) conferring biotic stress resistance by producing antibiotic compounds, and (3) secreting microbe-to-plant signal compounds, such as phytohormones or their analogues, that regulate aspects of plant physiology, including stress resistance. As plants have evolved, they recruited microbes to assist in the adaptation to available growing environments. Microbes serve themselves by promoting plant growth, which in turn provides microbes with nutrition (root exudates, a source of reduced carbon) and a desirable habitat (the rhizosphere or within plant tissues). The outcome of this coevolution is the diverse and metabolically rich microbial community that now exists in the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants. The holobiont, the unit made up of the phytomicrobiome and the plant host, results from this wide range of coevolved relationships. We are just beginning to appreciate the many ways in which this complex and subtle coevolution acts in agricultural systems.

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Lichen Metabolites: An Overview of Some Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Potential

Cited by 42 publications

References 82 publications

Differential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of lichen species on human prostate carcinoma cells

Differential anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of lichen species on human prostate carcinoma cells

Morphological and Chemical Traits of Cladonia Respond to Multiple Environmental Factors in Acidic Dry Grasslands

The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture

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