Lichen sclerosus following genital piercing

Chan, Si-Wa; Watchorn, Richard; Muneer, Asıf; Bunker, C.B.

doi:10.1177/09564624221079068

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Periostomal LS around urostomies are described as uncommon complications, possibly due to local trauma, occlusion and urine irritation ( 66 ). There are reports of LS after intimate body piercing ( 67 , 68 ). Postirradiation eLS was described in patients treated for breast neoplasm, and VLS after vaginal cancer radiotherapy ( 69 – 71 ).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen sclerosus: The 2023 update

et al. 2023

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Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an underdiagnosed inflammatory mucocutaneous condition affecting the anogenital areas. Postmenopausal women are predominantly affected and, to a lesser extent, men, prepubertal children, and adolescents. The etiology of LS is still unknown. Hormonal status, frequent trauma and autoimmune diseases are well-known associations for LS, yet infections do not seem to be clear risk factors. LS pathogenesis involves factors such as a genetic predisposition and an immune-mediated Th1-specific IFNγ-induced phenotype. Furthermore, there is a distinct expression of tissue remodeling associated genes as well as microRNAs. Oxidative stress with lipid and DNA peroxidation provides an enabling microenvironment to autoimmunity and carcinogenesis. Circulating IgG autoantibodies against the extracellular matrix protein 1 and hemidesmosome may contribute to the progression of LS or simply represent an epiphenomenon. The typical clinical picture includes chronic whitish atrophic patches along with itching and soreness in the vulvar, perianal and penile regions. In addition to genital scarring, and sexual and urinary dysfunction, LS may also lead to squamous cell carcinoma. Disseminated extragenital LS and oral LS are also reported. The diagnosis is usually clinical; however, a skin biopsy should be performed in case of an unclear clinical picture, treatment failure or suspicion of a neoplasm. The gold-standard therapy is the long-term application of ultrapotent or potent topical corticosteroids and, alternatively, topical calcineurin inhibitors such as pimecrolimus or tacrolimus. Collectively, LS is a common dermatological disease with a so far incompletely understood pathogenesis and only limited treatment options. To foster translational research in LS, we provide here an update on its clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and (emerging) treatment options.

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen sclerosus: The 2023 update

et al. 2023

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“…Urologists should be aware that there is an association between genital lichen sclerosus and obesity, urological procedures and genital piercing. [2][3][4] Clinical sequelae are mirrored by histological changes and range from mild to moderate and severe. Histologically, hyperkeratosis is found in addition to deposition of a dense inelastic amorphous substance at the dermis-epidermis junction overlying and intermixecd with a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate.…”

Section: Genital Lichen Sclerosusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aetio‐pathogenesisis has been disputed, but there is increasing consensus that it is due to occluded contact of a susceptible epithelium with urine. Urologists should be aware that there is an association between genital lichen sclerosus and obesity, urological procedures and genital piercing 2–4 . Clinical sequelae are mirrored by histological changes and range from mild to moderate and severe.…”

Section: Genital Lichen Sclerosusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile dermatoses: accurate diagnosis prevents serious sequelae

Dinneen,

Bunker,

Dinneen

2023

Trends Urol & Men's Health

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Penile skin complaints are a common cause for outpatient and inpatient urological consultation. These conditions can cause considerable sexual and urinary dysfunction and attendant psychological distress. Clinical findings (discussed here in detail) provide the cornerstone of accurate diagnosis to guide treatment, to advise patients on prognosis, and to ensure that pre‐cancerous and cancerous lesions are not missed.

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“…Вопрос о возможном влиянии гормонального фона на развитие СЛВ также остается спорным, поскольку нет достоверных исследований, подтверждающие эту связь [4,25,26]. Некоторые авторы отмечают в качестве возможных триггеров развития СЛВ травматизацию вульвы в результате расчесывания или сексуальной активности, царапание, трение, частую мастурбацию, хирургические процедуры в области вульвы, в том числе интимный пирсинг, а также нарушение интимной гигиены и недержание мочи [19,[27][28][29][30][31]. При этом выявлено, что многие из указанных факторов потенциально могут не только быть причинами возникновения СЛВ, но и значительно влиять на тяжесть и характер течения этого заболевания [7,32] 1 .…”

Section: № 4 (59) 2023unclassified

Household and hygienic risk factors and their impact on the development and course of lichen sclerosis of the vulva

Kolesnikova,

Zharov,

Penzhoyan

et al. 2023

WHAR

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Objective: To identify statistically significant household and hygienic factors that influence the risk of developing lichen sclerosus of the vulva. Design: Cross-sectional cohort comparative case-control study. Materials and methods. The study involved 344 patients with sclerotic lichen of the vulva aged 20 to 70 years and 60 women of the control group of the same age. Based on the survey of women of the main and control groups, a comparative analysis of intimate and household anamnestic factors of the development of sclerotic lichen of the vulva was carried out according to several categorical indicators characterizing the features of sexual life, intimate hygiene, underwear of the patient, etc. Statistical correlation analysis of the obtained anamnestic data of the subjects was performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (correlations were considered statistically significant at R > 0.15), the Mann -Whitney U—test and the Student t-test (differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05). Results. The study established statistically significant household and hygienic risk factors for the development of sclerotic lichen of the vulva: regular shaving and other types of depilation of hair in the vulva (R = –0.38); wearing underwear mainly with a narrow gusset (R = –0.32); intimate hygiene only with water (R = –0.27); wearing underwear mainly with rough seams, lace (R = –0.17); intimate hygiene with perfumes (R = –0.17), p < 0.05. Statistically significant household and hygienic factors that reduce the risk of developing and progressing sclerotic lichen of the vulva have been identified: the use of pharmaceutical products for intimate hygiene containing lactic acid (R = 0.73); wearing underwear made of natural fabrics (R = 0.42), absence or rare shaving /depilation of the vulva (R = 0.21); regular sexual life (R = 0.18), p < 0.05. Conclusion. The data obtained on the influence of household and hygienic factors on the risk of development and the nature of the course of sclerotic lichen of the vulva not only confirm, but also significantly expand and refine the results of foreign studies. Elimination of negative triggers and compliance with favorable household and hygienic conditions can become the basis for the prevention of the occurrence of sclerotic lichen of the vulva and the development of complications of this disease. Keywords: sclerotic lichen, vulva lichen, risk factors, intimate hygiene, vulva, prevention, emollients.

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Lichen sclerosus following genital piercing

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Lichen sclerosus: The 2023 update

Lichen sclerosus: The 2023 update

Penile dermatoses: accurate diagnosis prevents serious sequelae

Household and hygienic risk factors and their impact on the development and course of lichen sclerosis of the vulva

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