Lichen Secondary Metabolites from the Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Teloschistes chrysophthalmus and Ramalina celastri and their Antiviral Activities

Abstract

Lichens and spore-derived cultured mycobionts of Teloschistes chrysophthalmus and Ramalina celastri were studied chemically, and results indicated that they produced, respectively, parietin and usnic acid as major secondary metabolites, which were purified and identified. Identification of the compounds was performed by high performance liquid chromatography and structural elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H) and electron impact mass spectrometry. Usnic acid exhibited antiviral activity whereas parietin had a virucidal effect against the arenaviruses Junín and Tacaribe

Antimycobacterial activity of usnic acid against resistant and susceptible strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand non-tuberculous mycobacteria

“…In addition to antibacterial activities, different studies have confirmed antiproliferative, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoan activities of this molecule (Vijayakumar et al, 2000;De Carvalho et al, 2005;Fazio et al, 2007;Bazin et al 2008).…”

Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of some lichen species grown in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey

“…Because of relationship between mutations and diseases, researching of mutations has become great importance to prevent harmful effects of mutations. Previous studies showed that lichens have several biological effects on living organisms such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and antimutagenic effects [5,8,12,[36][37][38]. Depending on mentioned information, our study was designed to determine mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts from C. islandica, P. furfuracea and X. somloënsis.…”

Lichens as a Potential Source of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

“…As a consequence, the production in axenic cultures can differ substantially from that in nature. Mycobionts grown without their photobionts synthesise specific secondary lichen compounds under certain conditions (Culberson and Armaleo 1992;Mattsson 1994;Stocker-Wörgötter and Elix 2002;Fazio et al 2007;Hager et al 2008) but can also produce substances that are different from the metabolites found in symbiosis (Yoshimura et al 1994;Brunauer et al 2007). For example, natural lichen Lecanora dispersa contains 2,7-dichlorolichexanthone as the major secondary compound, but cultured spore isolates, growing without the alga, produced pannarin and related depsidones instead (Leuckert et al 1990).…”