Lichenoid stomatitis associated with lithium carbonate

Oral Manifestations and Dental Management of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure on Hemodialysis

“…32,33,34,35,36 Similarly, oral hairy leukoplakia has seen to occur as a result of drug-related immunosuppression. 37,38,39 6 % of the patients in our study presented with reticular and atrophic lichen planus.…”

Relevant issues in pharmacotherapy of psycho-cutaneous disorders

“…[25] It has been associated with both the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis, triggering localized or generalized forms of pustular psoriasis. [26] Other cutaneous manifestations attributed to lithium include acneiform lesions,[27] vaginal ulcerations,[28] mucosal ulcerations,[29] hidradenitissuppurativa,[30] follicular hyperkeratosis,[31] exacerbation of Darrier's disease,[32] lichenoid stomatitis,[33] erythematous maculopapular rash,[34] increased growth of warts, diffuse and localized hair loss, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with icthyosiform features,[35] follicular mycosis fungoides[36] and geographical tongue. [37] Interestingly topical lithium has been used in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis at various centers in Europe.…”

Lithium and skin: dermatologic manifestations of lithium therapy

“…Lithium therapy is associated with a variety of mucosal lesions, including oral lichenoid drug reactions, 102–104 lichenoid stomatitis, 105 nonspecific stomatitis, 106,107 metallic taste and burning sensation of the tongue, 108 geographic tongue, 107,109 angular cheilitis and tumefaction of the lips, 30 xerostomia, 108 and contact stomatitis 110 . It has been suggested that oral ulceration following symptoms of burning mouth, metallic taste, and dysgeusia are strongly suggestive of a drug‐induced origin 111 .…”

“…60 In vitro studies of cultures of normal human skin with lithium have demonstrated the direct role of lithium in epidermal hyperproliferation, leading to the modification of epidermal barrier function by the production of intercellular edema and vacuolar alteration with the formation of small cavities in the upper dermis. 61 Patients with a positive family history for psoriasis should be carefully evaluated for the potential Table 1 Classification of dermatologic manifestations of lithium therapy Inflammatory disorders [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]95,[127][128][129][130]144,146,148,156 Psoriasis and pustular psoriasiform eruption, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, fixed drug eruption, maculopapular eruption, eczematous reaction, seborrheic dermatitis Disorders of sebaceous/apocrine glands 21,25,[99][100][101] Acne and acneiform eruption, hidradenitis suppurativa Disorders of the hair and nails 46,68,[77][78][79]92,93,97,98 Alopecia, folliculitis, onychomadesis, nail dystrophy, nail discoloration Mucosal lesions [102][103][104][105]107,109,143 Geographic tongue, lichenoid stomatitis, oral mucosal ulcerations, vaginal ulcerations Keratinization disorders…”