Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Blättern mehrerer Kartoffelsorten nach Salzgaben zu verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien

Bruns, S.; Hecht‐Buchholz, Ch.

doi:10.1007/bf02358128

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Our experiments showed that the significant decline in the chlorophyll content was only limited to parental control, whereas no significant change was found in all the regenerated plants. This is in line with earlier reports [52,[119][120][121] where rising salinity acted gravely on many processes; for example, water content, transpiration rate and leaf stomatal conductance in several crops. The negative effect of salt stress generated photosynthetic machinery damage through chloroplast dysfunction and chlorophyll depletion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Agronomical, Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of In Vitro Selected Eggplant Somaclonal Variants under NaCl Stress

Hannachi

Werbrouck

Bahrini

et al. 2021

Plants

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Previously, an efficient regeneration protocol was established and applied to regenerate plants from calli lines that could grow on eggplant leaf explants after a stepwise in vitro selection for tolerance to salt stress. Plants were regenerated from calli lines that could tolerate up to 120 mM NaCl. For further in vitro and in vivo evaluation, four plants with a higher number of leaves and longer roots were selected from the 32 plants tested in vitro. The aim of this study was to confirm the stability of salt tolerance in the progeny of these four mutants (‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’). After three years of in vivo culture, we evaluated the impact of NaCl stress on agronomic, physiological and biochemical parameters compared to the parental control (‘P’). The regenerated and control plants were assessed under in vitro and in vivo conditions and were subjected to 0, 40, 80 and 160 mM of NaCl. Our results show significant variation in salinity tolerance among regenerated and control plants, indicating the superiority of four regenerants (‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’) when compared to the parental line (‘P’). In vitro germination kinetics and young seedling growth divided the lines into a sensitive and a tolerant group. ‘P’ tolerate only moderate salt stress, up to 40 mM NaCl, while the tolerance level of ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’ was up to 80 mM NaCl. The quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) declined significantly in ‘P’ under salt stress. The photochemical quenching was reduced while nonphotochemical quenching rose in ‘P’ under salt stress. Interestingly, the regenerants (‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’) exhibited high apparent salt tolerance by maintaining quite stable Chl fluorescence parameters. Rising NaCl concentration led to a substantial increase in foliar proline, malondialdehyde and soluble carbohydrates accumulation in ‘P’. On the contrary, ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’ exhibited a decline in soluble carbohydrates and a significant enhancement in starch under salinity conditions. The water status reflected by midday leaf water potential (ψl) and leaf osmotic potential (ψπ) was significantly affected in ‘P’ and was maintained a stable level in ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’ under salt stress. The increase in foliar Na+ and Cl− content was more accentuated in parental plants than in regenerated plants. The leaf K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ content reduction was more aggravated under salt stress in ‘P’. Under increased salt concentration, ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’ associate lower foliar Na+ content with a higher plant tolerance index (PTI), thus maintaining a normal growth, while foliar Na+ accumulation was more pronounced in ‘P’, revealing their failure in maintaining normal growth under salinity stress. ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’ showed an obvious salt tolerance by maintaining significantly high chlorophyll content. In ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’, the enzyme scavenging machinery was more performant in the roots compared to the leaves. Salt stress led to a significant augmentation of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in the roots of ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’. In contrast, enzyme activities were less enhanced in ‘P’, indicating lower efficiency to cope with oxidative stress than in ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’. ACC deaminase activity was significantly higher in ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’ than in ‘P’. The present study suggests that regenerated plants ‘R18’, ‘R19’, ‘R23’ and ‘R30’ showed an evident stability in tolerating salinity, which shows their potential to be adopted as interesting selected mutants, providing the desired salt tolerance trait in eggplant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Agronomical, Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of In Vitro Selected Eggplant Somaclonal Variants under NaCl Stress

Hannachi

Werbrouck

Bahrini

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…The alteration of chloroplast structure was found also in the callus cell lines of Nicotiana bigelovii (an habituated callus type) treated with the same NaCl doses used in the present investigation (Bennici and Tani 2009). This chloroplast change is a typical effect of salinity reported also in leaves of rice (Miyake et al 2006), barley (El-Banna and Attia 1999), and potato (Bruns and Hecht-Buchholz 2007). Moreover, this salt response resulted also in plants under air pollutants and other stresses, probably caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), principally hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide (Miyake et al 1984;Hernandez et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural characteristics of callus cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 grown in presence of NaCl

Bennici

Tani

2012

Caryologia

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An investigation by electron microscopy has been carried out on Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 callus cells grown in a medium containing different NaCl concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 M) for 60 days to study the salt effect at cell level. Control N. tabacum callus exhibited parenchymatous cell types with normal cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles and membranes, together to cells forming meristematic zones by normal mitosis and cytokinesis. The callus cells exposed to the lowest salt dose did not show specific structural changes in comparison to control cells. On the contrary, the callus cells treated with the salt at the highest doses showed alterations of chloroplasts, severe damages at nuclear and cytoplasmic level, until to a complete disorganization of the whole protoplast. Also mitochondria and the membranous system appeared injured. However, in all the salt treated callus cells amylopasts were very abundant. A peculiar phenomenon was the presence in these calli under salt stress of cells contiguous to the damaged or dead cells which appeared normal in their structure. This fact confirmed the possibility to regenerate plants from callus under salt treatment in view to obtain salt tolerant crops.

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“…Moreover, in PM the cells with disturbed structure were more dispersed. Bruns and Hecht-Buchholz (1990) observed greater changes in chloroplasts of PM than of SM in NaCl treated potato. It seems that changes of chloroplast localization in Sl-A cells were also connected with minimizing oxidative stress.…”

Section: Changes Of Leaf Mesophyll Cellsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

Gapińska¹,

Glińska²

2014

JCEA

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Five-week-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Perkoz grown in pots containing garden soil in a growth chamber were submitted to 50 or 150 mM NaCl for 1 h, 2 and 5 days. Tomato leaf anatomy generally did not change after short time salinity, except 5-day-treatment with 150 mM NaCl, where changed cell shape (shrunk and deformed) simultaneously with increased volume of intercellular spaces (IS) were observed. Although leaf hydration (H) depleted only 1 h after 150 mM NaCl treatment both salt concentrations generated two coexisting populations of saltaffected mesophyll cells: (i) slightly-affected (Sl-A) which showed incipient plasmolysis or slightly changed shapes, and (ii) severely-affected (Sv-A) which showed severe plasmolysis; serious deformation of cell shape or disorganization including cell degeneration. In Sl-A cells salinity changed location and shape of chloroplasts which were: more rounded, with oversized starch grains (SG) (2d) or more flat (5d). Salt-mediated changes were becoming more distinguished and pronounced with length of 150 mM NaCl treatment. The amount of salt-affected cells was changing during the experiment and depended on the salt concentration. In 50 mM-treated plants salt-affected cells appeared 1 h after treatment (~40%) and raised up to 78% on 2 nd day, however the population of Sl-A cells dominated. In 150 mM NaCl-treated plants the percentage of affected cells raised during the experiment from 75% to 99%. Firstly Sl-A cells dominated, but on the 5 th day the majority was Sv-A. Salt-affected cells were distributed quite evenly in palisade or spongy mesophyll, except 2 d after treatment with 50 mM NaCl, when their number was higher in the palisade mesophyll. Sv-A cells in the spongy mesophyll were located mostly near the bundle while in the palisade mesophyll more irregularly. Different susceptibility of cells to salt stress might be the consequence of an unequal distribution of osmotic stress and subsequent ionic stress or physiological state of cells.Keywords: leaf hydration, mesophyll cells, osmotic stress, plasmolysis, salt stress, tomato 219Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2014, 15(3), p.219-235 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/15.3.1478Streszczenie 5-tygodniowe rośliny pomidora (Lycopersicon esculentum) odm. Perkoz, które rosły w doniczkach z ziemią ogrodniczą w komorze hodowlanej zostały poddane działaniu NaCl o stężeniu 50 mM lub 150 mM przez okres 1 godz., 2 i 5 dni. Krótkotrwałe zasolenie nie wywołało zmian anatomicznych w liściach pomidora, za wyjątkiem zmian kształtu komórek (obkurczenie i deformacje) i towarzyszącemu im zwiększeniu powierzchni przestrzeni międzykomórkowych, co obserwowano po 5 dniach od traktowania roślin NaCl w stężeniu 150 mM. Pomimo, iż istotny spadek uwodnienia liści odnotowano jedynie po godzinie od podania 150 mM NaCl, oba zastosowane stężenia generowały powstawanie w mezofilu dwóch grup komórek: (i) lekko zmienionych (LZ) -w początkowych stadiach plazmolizy lub o delikatnie zmienionych kształtach oraz (ii) mocno zmienionych (MZ) -z za...

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Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Blättern mehrerer Kartoffelsorten nach Salzgaben zu verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Agronomical, Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of In Vitro Selected Eggplant Somaclonal Variants under NaCl Stress

Agronomical, Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of In Vitro Selected Eggplant Somaclonal Variants under NaCl Stress

Ultrastructural characteristics of callus cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 grown in presence of NaCl

Salt-mediated changes in leaf mesophyll cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants

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