Lid suture myopia in developing chicks: optical and structural considerations

Yinon, U.; Koslowe, Kenneth; Lobel, David; Landshman, Nahum; Barishak, Y.R.

doi:10.3109/02713688209020025

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We induced form-deprivation myopia in day-old White Leghorn chicks under aseptic conditions and ether anesthesia using one of three uniocular procedures: eyelid suture (6,8), translucent plastic goggle, or transparent but imagedegrading plastic goggle (7). Maintained on a 12-hr light/dark cycle, the birds were killed at ages up to 4 weeks by decapitation or by perfusion with Zamboni's fixative (17) under deep pentobarbital anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations after unilateral visual deprivation have indicated that retinal image quality influences postnatal growth. Deprivation of form vision in juvenile monkeys (2)(3)(4), chicks (5)(6)(7)(8)(9), or humans (10)(11)(12) disrupts normal regulation and leads to excessive eye size; distant images now focus in front of the retina, causing a myopic refractive error. This link of visual quality to eye size implicates the nervous system in growth control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Retinal dopamine and form-deprivation myopia.

Stone

Lin

Laties

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

362

323

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Investigation of retinal neurochemistry in a well-defined chick model of form-deprivation myopia indicated that dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are reduced in myopic as compared to control eyes. The reduction in retinal dopamine is evident only during light adaptation and is accompanied by a decreased rate ofdopamine biosynthesis. To test whether the alteration in dopamine metabolism is related to eye growth, agents known to interact with dopamine receptors were administered locally to deprived eyes. Remarkably, the expected growth in the axial dimension was reduced, while that in the equatorial dimension was not. Therefore retinal dopamine may participate in the pathway linking visual experience and the postnatal regulation of the eye's growth in the axial dimension. The mechanism for control of chick eye growth in the equatorial dimension remains unknown.Eye growth during normal childhood development coordinates with progressive changes in the optical power of the cornea and lens to maintain image focus on the plane of the retina (1). Observations after unilateral visual deprivation have indicated that retinal image quality influences postnatal growth. Deprivation of form vision in juvenile monkeys (2-4), chicks (5-9), or humans (10-12) disrupts normal regulation and leads to excessive eye size; distant images now focus in front of the retina, causing a myopic refractive error. This link of visual quality to eye size implicates the nervous system in growth control. Moreover, recent observations hint that such control is largely local. (i) Form-deprivation myopia in both monkeys and chicks takes place even after optic nerve transection interrupts the direct pathway from retina to brain (3, 13). (ii) Application of a partial occluder in chicks to restrict vision either in the nasal or temporal visual field induces excessive eye growth only along the corresponding ocular dimension. For example, occlusion of the nasal visual field causes excessive growth of the temporal part of the globe (14-16). We now report in avian myopia that neonatal deprivation of form vision alters retinal dopamine metabolism at the same time as the eye enlarges. Under the identical condition, ocular administration of dopaminerelated agents hinders the expected elongation of the eye in the axial but not in the equatorial dimension. These findings buttress the hypothesis of local growth control and suggest the participation of retinal dopamine in the regulatory sequence. They also speak for separate mechanisms underlying the regulation of axial and equatorial growth of the eye.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal dopamine and form-deprivation myopia.

Stone

Lin

Laties

et al. 1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

362

323

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The latter practice appears to have been the more common, e.g. used by Hayes et al (1986), Wallman et al (1978), Yinon et al (1980Yinon et al ( , 1982Yinon et al ( /1983, Lauber and Oishi (1987) and Pickett-Seltner et al (1988), and it is likely that lack of information concerning gender in still other studies also reflects this practice. The alternative approach of using only male chicks, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Commonly encountered breeds in studies reporting this information include White Leghorns (Yinon et al 1980;Osol et al 1986;Wildsoet and Pettigrew 1988a), broilers (Lauber and Oishi 1987), New Hampshire and White Rock-Rhode Island Red cross (Hayes et al 1986). In still other studies no specific breed information is provided (Wallman et al 1978;Yinon et al 1982Yinon et al /1983Lauber and Oishi 1987;Pickett-Seltner et al 1988). Breed differences are generally coupled with inter-study differences in the experimental paradigms used to induce myopia, making it impossible to isolate the influence of breed on eye growth and refractive development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breed- and gender-dependent differences in eye growth and form deprivation responses in chick

Schmid

Wildsoet

1996

J Comp Physiol A

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This study investigated the influences of breed and gender on the response to form deprivation and subsequent changes (recovery) when normal vision was restored. Two breeds of chickens, the White Leghorn and broiler cross, were compared, as well as male and female chicks for the White Leghorn breed. Normal eye growth was faster in the more rapidly growing broiler chicks; gender-differences were not as great as breed-differences although male White Leghorns ultimately became heavier and showed slightly greater normal eye growth than females. While both breeds showed high myopia and axial elongation in response to form deprivation, they differed significantly in the magnitude of their response, with White Leghorns showing more myopia and greater axial elongation and also recovering more slowly. Responses to form deprivation were similar for both genders, with respect to both the amount of myopia and axial elongation produced, although the female chicks recovered faster. Together these observations indicate that, although the overall pattern of response of form deprivation is consistent across both breed and gender, related quantitative differences in responses can be expected and need to be taken into account in experimental design and cross-study comparisons.

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“…Not only are thinner choroids observed in myopic eyes, eyes developing myopia were also found to have thinner choroids, whereas higher choroidal thickness was observed in non-myopic eyes (Troilo et al, 2000). The exact mechanism of choroidal thinning in myopic eyes in unknown, however it has been demonstrated in animal models that physiological factors such as creep, mechanical stretching, active matrix remodelling and/or outflow of layer fluid result in the thinning of these posterior segment layers (McBrien & Gentle, 2003;Nickla & Wallman, 2010;Phillips et al, 2000;Siegwart & Norton, 1999;Wallman et al, 1995a;Yinon et al, 1982).…”

Section: Choroidal Thickness and Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in Dry Eye and Myopia

Yang¹

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Lid suture myopia in developing chicks: optical and structural considerations

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Retinal dopamine and form-deprivation myopia.

Retinal dopamine and form-deprivation myopia.

Breed- and gender-dependent differences in eye growth and form deprivation responses in chick

Vitamin D in Dry Eye and Myopia

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