Lidar System Architectures and Circuits

Behroozpour, Behnam; Sandborn, Phillip A. M.; Wu, M.C.; Boser, Bernhard E.

doi:10.1109/mcom.2017.1700030

Cited by 323 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There are several ways to obtain a 3D depth map, such as stereoscopy [8,9], the structured light method [10,11], and the Time-of-flight (ToF) measurement method [12][13][14][15][16]. However, the stereoscopy and structured light methods require many cameras and incur excessive computational loads [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these methods can achieve high depth resolutions only when a relatively large triangulation base is obtained, meaning that the systems are often bulky [13]. Consequently, the ToF measurement method has been widely adopted as an alternative for 3D depth sensing due to its compactness and low calculation loads [12][13][14][15][16]. During ToF measurements [12][13][14][15][16][17], a pulsed or continuous optical signal is emitted to the object and the traveling time of the reflected light signal is measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the previous methods require sequential integration of phase samples, which results in processing time being required for the integration of N phase samples per one-point distance measurement [12]. In most cases, four phase samples are used: 4-bucket algorithm [12][13][14][15][16].Reducing the total processing time of the phase demodulation per pixel can improve the performance of distance measurement effectively with regard to motion blur suppression or accuracy improvement, especially in case of raster scanning type ToF sensors. With that knowledge, this paper contributes to decreasing the total processing time required to obtain a distance value using a novel parallel phase demodulation method.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Parallel-Phase Demodulation-Based Distance-Measurement Method Using Dual-Frequency Modulation

2019

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Time-of-flight (ToF) measurement technology based on the amplitude-modulated continuous-wave (AMCW) model has emerged as a state-of-the-art distance-measurement method for various engineering applications. However, many of the ToF cameras employing the AMCW process phase demodulation sequentially, which requires time latency for a single distance measurement. This can result in significant distance errors, especially in non-static environments (e.g., robots and vehicles) such as those containing objects moving relatively to the sensors. To reduce the measurement time required for a distance measurement, this paper proposes a novel, parallel-phase demodulation method. The proposed method processes phase demodulation of signal in parallel rather than sequentially. Based on the parallel phase demodulation, 2π ambiguity problem is also solved in this work by adopting dual frequency modulation to increase the maximum range while maintaining the accuracy. The performance of proposed method was verified through distance measurements under various conditions. The improved distance measurement accuracy was demonstrated throughout an extended measurement range (1–10 m).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Parallel-Phase Demodulation-Based Distance-Measurement Method Using Dual-Frequency Modulation

2019

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“…Airborne laser scanning (ALS) [1][2][3][4] utilizes LiDAR (light detection and ranging) [5][6][7][8] for remote sensing of landscapes. In addition to many other applications, ALS is used to make archaeological discoveries in areas concealed by trees [9][10][11], to support forestry in forest inventory and ecology [12], and to acquire precise digital terrain models (DTMs) [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Optical Sectioning

2018

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Drones are becoming increasingly popular for remote sensing of landscapes in archeology, cultural heritage, forestry, and other disciplines. They are more efficient than airplanes for capturing small areas, of up to several hundred square meters. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and photogrammetry have been applied together with drones to achieve 3D reconstruction. With airborne optical sectioning (AOS), we present a radically different approach that is based on an old idea: synthetic aperture imaging. Rather than measuring, computing, and rendering 3D point clouds or triangulated 3D meshes, we apply image-based rendering for 3D visualization. In contrast to photogrammetry, AOS does not suffer from inaccurate correspondence matches and long processing times. It is cheaper than LiDAR, delivers surface color information, and has the potential to achieve high sampling resolutions. AOS samples the optical signal of wide synthetic apertures (30-100 m diameter) with unstructured video images recorded from a low-cost camera drone to support optical sectioning by image integration. The wide aperture signal results in a shallow depth of field and consequently in a strong blur of out-of-focus occluders, while images of points in focus remain clearly visible. Shifting focus computationally towards the ground allows optical slicing through dense occluder structures (such as leaves, tree branches, and coniferous trees), and discovery and inspection of concealed artifacts on the surface.

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A Meta‐Device for Intelligent Depth Perception

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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The optical illusion affects depth‐sensing due to the limited and specific light‐field information acquired by single‐lens imaging. The incomplete depth information or visual deception would cause cognitive errors. To resolve this problem, an intelligent and compact depth‐sensing meta‐device that is miniaturized, integrated, and applicable for diverse scenes in all light levels is demonstrated. The compact and multifunction stereo vision system adopts an array with 3600 achromatic meta‐lenses and a size of 1.2 × 1.2 mm2 to measure the depth over a 30 cm range with deep‐learning support. The meta‐lens array can act as multiple imaging lenses to collect light field information. It can also work with a light source as an active optical device to project a structured light. The meta‐lens array can serve as the core functional component of a light‐field imaging system under bright conditions or a structured‐light projection system in the dark. The depth information in both ways can be analyzed and extracted by the convolutional neural network. This work provides a new avenue for the applications such as autonomous driving, machine vision, human–computer interaction, augmented reality, biometric identification, etc.

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Lidar System Architectures and Circuits

Cited by 323 publications

References 13 publications

A Parallel-Phase Demodulation-Based Distance-Measurement Method Using Dual-Frequency Modulation

A Parallel-Phase Demodulation-Based Distance-Measurement Method Using Dual-Frequency Modulation

Airborne Optical Sectioning

A Meta‐Device for Intelligent Depth Perception

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