“…where x is the dependent variable representing the density of the bottom prey population, y is the dependent variable representing the density of the middle predator(prey) population, z is the dependent variable representing the density of the higher predator population, and t is the independent variable representing time, which is ǫ in (20), the initial conditions are x(0) = 0.5, y(0) = 1, z(0) = 2, and we consider the case where t is in the interval [0, 3]. In the absence of a predator (y = 0), Eq.…”