Liesegang Banding for Controlled Size and Growth of Zeolitic‐Imidazolate Frameworks

Douaihy, Rita Zakhia; Al-Ghoul, Mazen; Hmadeh, Mohamad

doi:10.1002/smll.201901605

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similar patterns have been observed in diffusion/coprecipitation systems in which a reaction of two water-soluble salts forming insoluble inorganic precipitate coupled to the diffusion of the reagents in a solid gel matrix leads to spatially periodic precipitation (Liesegang phenomenon) . It should be noted that similar behavior was observed in the formation of metal–organic frameworks in a gelled medium . The remarkable feature of our pattern generated by a redox reaction is that the distance between the two consecutive bands decreases along the gel column (Figure S4).…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…38 It should be noted that similar behavior was observed in the formation of metal−organic frameworks in a gelled medium. 40 The remarkable feature of our pattern generated by a redox reaction is that the distance between the two consecutive bands decreases along the gel column (Figure S4). This is a very rarely observed revert periodic precipitation as the usual trend is an increase of the distance between the two consecutive bands in the band number.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A similar tendency was found in other reaction−diffusion systems having silver dichromate precipitate and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystals formed from the coprecipitation of silver and dichromate ions and zinc ions and 2-methylimidazole organic linkers, respectively. 40,45,46 The increasing size of the particles can be explained by the following arguments: the nucleation rate and its dependence on the supersaturation. Near the liquid−gel interface, the concentration of the citrate is the highest, thus providing the highest supersaturation and nucleation rate of reduced gold atoms generating a high number of nuclei.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction–Diffusion Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Route from the Spherical Nano-Sized Particles to Micrometer-Sized Plates

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The design of nanoparticles of desired sizes and shapes and 2D nanostructured materials is challenging and important due to their unique physical and chemical properties. One of the most common methods for the generation of metal nanoparticles is the wet synthetic route in which metal ions are reduced and the formed particles are stabilized in the liquid phase. Here we show a facile and powerful method to synthesize gold nanoparticles in a solid agarose gel utilizing the diffusion of reagents using the Turkevich method at room temperature. Our technique yields particles spatially separated by their sizes and shapes (spheres and plates) in the gel column. We have achieved 4 orders of magnitude difference in the sizes of the synthesized particles with a linearly increasing trend in the function of their spatial position. We have also generated micrometer-sized nanoplates with triangle, truncated triangle, or hexagon shapes attaining almost the length-to thickness ratio of 500, representing the magnificent power of the reaction–diffusion assisted synthesis.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction–Diffusion Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Route from the Spherical Nano-Sized Particles to Micrometer-Sized Plates

et al. 2021

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“…In the literature, it is stated that the size of the colloids rises in each consecutive band in an LP. 5 , 31 − 34 This particle size increase can also be observed in the CuCrO 4 LP bands formed at a fixed temperature ( Figure 3 ). For example, for 20 °C, the LP Band 1 has smaller particles than the Band 9 forming at the same temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Chemical Tracking of Temperature by Concurrent Periodic Precipitation Pattern Formation in Polyacrylamide Gels

Khan

Kwiczak‐Yiğitbaşı

Tootoonchian

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In nature, nonequilibrium systems reflect environmental changes, and these changes are often “recorded” in their solid body as they develop. Periodic precipitation patterns, aka Liesegang patterns (LPs), are visual sums of complex events in nonequilibrium reaction–diffusion processes. Here we aim to achieve an artificial system that “records” the temperature changes in the environment with the concurrent LP formation. We first illustrate the differences in 1-D LPs developing at different temperatures in terms of band spacings, which can demonstrate the time, ramp steepness, and extent of a temperature change. These results are discussed and augmented by a mathematical model. Using scanning electron microscopy, we show that the average size of the CuCrO 4 precipitate also reflects the temperature changes. Finally, we show that these changes can also be “recorded” in the 2-D and 3-D LPs, which can have applications in long-term temperature tracking and complex soft material design.

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“…In the past few years, a new approach has been introduced for the production of MOFs in which the mass fluxes of the reagents are controlled through diffusion either in crosslinked hydrogels or in microfluidic networks. With precise control over the nucleation and growth of MOF crystals utilizing the diffusion processes, it is possible to achieve the formation of single crystals of peptide-based MOFs 26 , shaping MOF crystals 27 , and control the size of the MOF particles in a solid agarose hydrogel 28 , 29 . In these setups, one of the components is placed in the gel and the other one diffused from a reservoir, and at a given location in the gel, the formation of MOFs is governed by the time-dependent diffusion fluxes of the reagents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and gold nanoparticles in a sustained out-of-equilibrium state

Dúzs

Holló

Schuszter

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The design and synthesis of crystalline materials are challenging due to the proper control over the size and polydispersity of the samples, which determine their physical and chemical properties and thus applicability. Metal − organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials in many applications due to their unique structure. MOFs have been predominantly synthesized by bulk methods, where the concentration of the reagents gradually decreased, which affected the further nucleation and crystal growth. Here we show an out-of-equilibrium method for the generation of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystals, where the non-equilibrium crystal growth is maintained by a continuous two-side feed of the reagents in a hydrogel matrix. The size and the polydispersity of the crystals are controlled by the fixed and antagonistic constant mass fluxes of the reagents and by the reaction time. We also present that our approach can be extended to synthesize gold nanoparticles in a redox process.

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Liesegang Banding for Controlled Size and Growth of Zeolitic‐Imidazolate Frameworks

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Reaction–Diffusion Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Route from the Spherical Nano-Sized Particles to Micrometer-Sized Plates

Reaction–Diffusion Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Route from the Spherical Nano-Sized Particles to Micrometer-Sized Plates

Chemical Tracking of Temperature by Concurrent Periodic Precipitation Pattern Formation in Polyacrylamide Gels

Synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and gold nanoparticles in a sustained out-of-equilibrium state

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