Life-course approaches to inequalities in adult chronic disease risk

Smith, George Davey

doi:10.1017/s0029665107005460

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Optimism has been shown to mediate the association between parental education and perceived stress among teens 28. Several studies have shown the life-long accumulation of CVD risk with socioeconomic disadvantage 29–31…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger, depression and anxiety associated with endothelial function in childhood and adolescence

Osika

Montgomery

Dangardt

et al. 2009

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Objective Psychosocial adversity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. The authors assessed associations of reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT), a measure of endothelial function predictive of CVD, with self-assessed psychological health among school children. Methods A total of 248 healthy school children (mean (SD) age 14.0 (1.0); 136 girls and 112 boys) underwent RH-PAT testing. They completed the Beck Youth Inventories (BYI) of emotional and social impairment scales, which is used to screen for depression, anxiety, anger and disruptive behaviour. Results No sex differences were observed for the RH-PAT score. Statistically signifi cant differences were observed for the BYI scores; girls had higher scores for depression, anger and anxiety. Among the girls, there were statistically signifi cant associations between lower RH-PAT scores and higher scores for anger (B coeffi cient=−0.100, p=0.040), depression (−0.108, p=0.009) and anxiety (−0.138, p=0.039) after adjustment for age. Among the boys, disruptive behaviour was associated with higher RH-PAT scores (0.09, p=0.006). Conclusions The girls have higher levels of selfassessed anger; depression and anxiety compared with the boys, and these characteristics are associated with lower RH-PAT scores, indicating attenuated endothelial function. Among the boys, disruptive behaviour was associated with better endothelial function. Although psychological ill-health is associated with impaired endothelial function and CVD among adults, such processes may also be relevant to children. Psychosocial adversity in childhood might be a risk factor for subsequent CVD.Emotional states such as anger, depression, anxiety and psychosocial stress in adults are associated with raised risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, 1-5 but no data exist for such associations among children and adolescents. Psychological factors may be related to early physiological changes such as blood pressure and vascular function in childhood, and this may have a bearing on future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Depression in the absence of other conventional coronary disease risk factors is associated with abnormal peripheral endothelial function in young adults, 6 and mental stress induces transient endothelial dysfunction. 7 It is not known whether an association between early vascular changes such as in the endothelium and self-assessed psychological health exists as early in life as childhood and adolescence.Anger, depression and anxiety associated with endothelial function in childhood and adolescence W Osika, 1,2 S M Montgomery, 2,3 F Dangardt, 1 P Währborg, 1 L M Gan, 1 E Tideman, 4 P Friberg 1We wanted to investigate in the young whether endothelial function has an inverse association with increased psychological burden such as increased levels of anger, depression and anxiety, measured as self-rated psychological health. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo schools in the Göteborg region volunteered to participate in this study. In these t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger, depression and anxiety associated with endothelial function in childhood and adolescence

Osika

Montgomery

Dangardt

et al. 2009

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…74 As the cumulative life course effect of adverse SEP on adult disease outcomes become more apparent, the need to adjust for different measures of SEP from across the life course in observational studies of exposures and outcomes that are strongly socially patterned is increasingly acknowledged. 75 It is unlikely that residual socioeconomic confounding can be ruled out by simple adjustment for one or perhaps two measures of SEP at a single point in time. 76 …”

Section: Area Level Measures (Indices Of Deprivation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2)

Galobardes

Shaw²,

Lawlor³

et al. 2006

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

597

510

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“…Various studies have investigated the effects of individual socioeconomic trajectories over time on cardiovascular diseases (Davey Smith, Ben-Shlomo, & Lynch, 2002;Lamont, Parker, White, Unwin, Bennett, Cohen et al, 2000). However, to our knowledge only few studies have focused on the socioeconomic transition from active life to retirement (Wolfson, Rowe, Gentleman, & Tomiak, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income change at retirement, neighbourhood-based social support, and ischaemic heart disease: Results from the prospective cohort study “Men born in 1914”

Chaix

Isacsson

Råstam

et al. 2007

Social Science & Medicine

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Access to the published version may require journal subscription.Published with permission from: Elsevier 1 Income change at retirement, neighbourhood-based social support, and ischaemic heart disease: results from the prospective cohort study "men born in 1914" AbstractRetirement from active life often leads to decreased finances and reduced social contact, which may increase ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk in individuals. We examined whether income evolution during the decade before retirement has an impact on subsequent IHD, and explored the mediating effect of common risk factors and social support from different sources (marriage/cohabitation, support from friends/relatives, and neighbourhood-based social support). We analyzed data from the prospective cohort study "Men born in 1914" (n = 498, follow-up period = 10 years) conducted in Malmö, Sweden, merged with yearly income data for 14 years preceding baseline.Low income 10 years before retirement predicted both higher prevalence of IHD risk factors at retirement, and weaker neighbourhood-based social support. Income 10 years before retirement was a strong predictor of IHD incidence and mortality after retirement, but a significant downward income mobility at retirement did not increase IHD risk. After adjustment, low neighbourhood-based social support increased the risk of IHD incidence (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.02-3.43) and mortality (HR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.06-5.91), and mediated 7-8% of the income effect.As a conclusion, income 10 years before retirement, but not the subsequent income evolution, was a strong predictor of IHD postretirement. This socioeconomic gradient was partly mediated by the protective effect of neighbourhood-based social support, which form of social support may be important among the elderly in compensating for social disruptions related to retirement.

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Life-course approaches to inequalities in adult chronic disease risk

Cited by 49 publications

References 120 publications

Anger, depression and anxiety associated with endothelial function in childhood and adolescence

Anger, depression and anxiety associated with endothelial function in childhood and adolescence

Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2)

Income change at retirement, neighbourhood-based social support, and ischaemic heart disease: Results from the prospective cohort study “Men born in 1914”

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