Life Course Pathways From Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adult Physical Health: A Structural Equation Model

Abstract

Findings indicate that stress process roles in eroding physical health and experience of wellness. Addressing early adversity is an important strategy toward reducing preventable health problems.

Gun Violence Exposure and Posttraumatic Symptoms Among Children and Youth

“…The importance of examining the significance of child and youth gun violence exposure is underscored by the growing body of literature on both the short-and long-term effects of adverse childhood events (ACEs; Felitti et al, 1998;Nurius, Fleming, & Brindle, 2019;Nurius, Green, Logan-Greene, & Borja, 2015;Schilling, Aseltine, & Gore, 2007;Shonkoff et al, 2011), Recent research has also acknowledged the importance of identifying particularly impactful ACEs that may have been overlooked in child adversity research (Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner, & Hamby, 2013;Wade, Shea, Rubin, & Wood, 2014) and the need to gain a better understanding of how particular adversities are situated in broader adversity contexts and how different adversities may be interrelated (Barboza, 2018a;Mersky, Janczewski, & Topitzes, 2017). Of particular relevance when considering different forms of gun violence as ACEs is knowledge of the ways that gun violence may overlap with other forms of violence and victimization exposure.…”

Adverse Childhood Experiences: A 20‐Year Content Analysis of American Counseling Association and American School Counselor Association Journals

“…The results of this study suggest that those in the counseling field may benefit from clarity in the definition of ACEs and clients may benefit from counseling scholarship exploring implications of ACEs. Scholars in other fields (CDC, n.d.-b), such as psychology (Blogett & Lanigan, 2018;Hays-Grudo & Morris, 2020) and social work (Cprek et al, 2019;Hunt et al, 2017;Nurius et al, 2019), have begun examining the impact and implications of ACEs for their fields. For example, schools and health practitioners who are considering using screening tools for ACEs would benefit from exploring the ethical implications of doing so (Finkelhor, 2017) within their particular environment.…”

“…In addition, Felitti et al (1998) reported that participants with four or more self-reported ACEs were 16.1% more likely to have misused alcohol, 28.4% more likely to have used illicit drugs, 16.7% more likely to have had a sexually transmitted disease, 28.7% more likely to rate themselves in poor health, 4.1% more likely to have experienced a stroke, and 12.2 times more likely to have attempted suicide than a person reporting no ACEs. Although not the first study to examine either the prevalence or impact of youth victimization (see Finkelhor & Dziuba-Leatherman, 1994;Kilpatrick & Saunders, 1997), the Felitti et al study created momentum around the examination of the implications of ACEs for various populations, especially within the medical (Burke et al, Zyromski et al 2011;Choi et al, 2017;Isohookana et al, 2016;Kalmakis & Chandler, 2015), psychology (Blodgett & Lanigan, 2018;Eklund et al, 2018;Sheffler et al, 2019), and social work (Cprek et al, 2020;Nurius et al, 2019) fields. This may have been in part due to both the stark outcomes of the original study and characteristics of the sample (e.g., 79.4% White, 48% male, 43% college educated).…”

“…For example, in psychology, Blodgett and Lanigan (2018) noted a dose-response effect between the number of ACEs and risk of poor school attendance, behavioral issues, and failure to meet grade-level academic standards within a sample of elementary-age public school youth. In social work, researchers have created models examining the impact of ACEs on negative health outcomes across various points in the life span (Nurius et al, 2019), with specific examination in early (Cprek et al, 2019) and middle (Hunt et al, 2017) childhood. Finkelhor (2018) noted that health care professionals should proceed with caution before engaging in widespread ACEs screening, citing a need for practitioners to have resources and interventions in place to offer intervention support for clients.…”

Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Mid-late Chinese: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

“…Optimal SEMs were developed by inspecting the significance of constructs' theoretical relevance and path coefficients to fit the data and obtain theoretically sense. lower CSES tend to be surrounded by poorer sanitation, higher burden of disease, less medical service, narrower living space, and even less food availability (41,42), thereby they have worse physical qualities from childhood and suffer higher levels of inflammation related to T2DM (43,44).…”