Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Mid-Late Life Cognitive Function in Eastern Europe

Horvat, Pia; Richards, Marcus; Malyutina, Sofia; Pająk, Andrzej; Kubínová, Růžena; Tamošiūnas, Abdonas; Pikhart, Hynek; Peasey, Anne; Marmot, Michael; Bobák, Martin

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu014

Cited by 65 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A few studies have also included mothers' education/occupation as the indicators of childhood SES. Consistent with the our results, emerging evidence has been found to support the positively links between childhood SES and mid‐life and late‐life cognitive function in the United States, United Kingdom, and other western counties . Data reported in the United States have documentated that higher childhood SESs measured by parental education and father's occupation were positively related to global cognitive function among older adults aged 50 and older .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Associations of childhood socioeconomic status with mid‐life and late‐life cognition in Chinese middle‐aged and older population based on a 5‐year period cohort study

Sha

Cheng

2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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ObjectivesA prospective study was performed to examine the relationship of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) with cognition and the rate of change in a nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling middle‐aged and older Chinese population.MethodsThis study mainly focused on 3 composite measures of cognitive function, including Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status, word recall, and drawing a figure successfully. Childhood SES was evaluated by parental occupation and education, childhood residence, and self‐evaluated financial status. We designed an analysis strategy adding predictors incrementally in different models to examine the changes of effects of childhood SES on cognition by latent growth curve models.ResultsFinally, a total of 10 533 respondents were prospectively studied, including 5980 respondents aged 45–59 and 4553 aged 60–90. Cognition in younger cohort showed a curvilinear change, while cognition in older cohort showed a linear decline. After controlling for covariates, middle‐aged respondents with higher self‐evaluated financial status (β: −0.22, P < .001), better health status (β: −0.13, P < .001), higher parental education (β: 0.17 and 0.10, P < .001), who had lived in city/town before 16 years (β: 0.69, P < .001), and whose fathers engaged in nonfarming work (β: 0.43, P < .001) were associated with the better baseline cognition. Similar results were found in older cohort. Additionally, early‐life SES was not associated with cognitive decline in both cohorts.ConclusionsThis study indicates that childhood SES is associated with mid‐life and late‐life baseline cognition, but it is not contributed to cognition decline. Interventions in early‐life focused on improving childhood SES might have positive impacts on baseline cognition in later‐life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Associations of childhood socioeconomic status with mid‐life and late‐life cognition in Chinese middle‐aged and older population based on a 5‐year period cohort study

Sha

Cheng

2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Our results for father’s occupation are consistent with those from studies conducted in several other countries on early-life socioeconomic conditions and later-life cognitive health (Araújo et al, 2014; Chen, 2016; Fors et al, 2009; Hurst et al, 2013; Horvat et al, 2014; Kaplan et al, 2001; Melrose et al, 2015). Father’s occupation may have affected the study participants’ later-life cognitive health through affecting living circumstances, nutrition, and health and health care accessibility during childhood, especially in this context of frequent poverty (Walker et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Given these extremely poor social conditions, it is perhaps surprising that, at first glance, our results are consistent with those from predominantly higher-income countries confirming the importance of education for cognitive performance in later life (Araújo et al, 2014; Clouston et al, 2012; Fors et al, 2009; Glymour et al, 2012; Horvat et al, 2014; Lee et al, 2014; Onadja et al, 2013; Scazufca et al, 2008; Sisco et al, 2015). In the US population aged ≥50 years, each additional year of education attained was associated with a 0.09 SD increase in word recall scores, similar to that observed here of a 0.09 SD increase (Glymour et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Existing life course research from high-, middle-, and low-income contexts consistently demonstrates that early-life socioeconomic conditions and educational attainment are associated with cognitive function in later-life (Araújo et al, 2014; Chen, 2016; Clouston et al, 2012; Fors et al, 2009; Glymour et al, 2012, 2008; Horvat et al, 2014; Hurst et al, 2013; Kaplan et al, 2001; Lee et al, 2014; McEniry, 2013; Melrose et al, 2015; Onadja et al, 2013; Scazufca et al, 2008; Sisco et al, 2015). However, little research has been conducted in sub-Saharan African settings, such as in South Africa, where opportunities for social mobility were restricted by the state for the majority of the country’s population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood deprivation and later-life cognitive function in a population-based study of older rural South Africans

Kobayashi¹,

Glymour

Kahn

et al. 2017

Social Science & Medicine

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Rationale Little research has evaluated the life course drivers of cognitive aging in South Africa. Objectives We investigated the relationships of self-rated childhood health and father’s occupation during childhood with later-life cognitive function score and whether educational attainment mediated these relationships among older South Africans living in a former region of Apartheid-era racial segregation. Methods Data were from baseline assessments of “Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community” (HAALSI), a population-based study of 5059 men and women aged ≥40 years in 2015 in rural Agincourt sub-district, South Africa. Childhood health, father’s occupation during childhood, and years of education were self-reported in study interviews. Cognitive measures assessed time orientation, numeracy, and word recall, which were included in a z-standardized latent cognitive function score variable. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth were used to estimate the total and direct effects of each childhood risk factor, and the indirect effects mediated by years of education. Results Poor childhood health predicted lower cognitive scores (total effect = −0.28; 95% CI = −0.35, −0.21, versus good); this effect was not mediated by educational attainment. Having a father in a professional job during childhood, while rare (3% of sample), predicted better cognitive scores (total effect = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.40, versus unskilled manual labor, 29% of sample). Half of this effect was mediated by educational attainment. Education was linearly associated with later-life cognitive function score (0.09; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.10 per year achieved). Conclusion In this post-Apartheid, rural South African context, older adults with poor self-reported childhood health or whose father worked in unskilled manual labor had relatively poor cognitive outcomes. Educational attainment strongly predicted cognitive outcomes, and appeared to be, in part, a mechanism of social stratification in later-life cognitive health in this context.

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“…Second, the independent associations of occupational complexity and physical hazards with objectively assessed cognitive outcomes may offer insight into well-described socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive outcomes. 32–34 Indeed, although not the focus of this study, it is noteworthy that associations of educational attainment with episodic memory and executive function were attenuated after exposure to physical hazards were added to the model containing occupational complexity. This finding is consistent with Marengoni’s and colleagues’ 32 finding that high physical demand on the job attenuated but did not completely explain educational differences in incident cognitive impairment without dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Workplace Exposures and Cognitive Function During Adulthood

Grzywacz

Segel-Karpas

Lachman

2016

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Objective Expand understanding of the role of selected workplace exposures (i.e., occupational complexity, conflict in the workplace, pace of work, and physical hazards) in adults’ cognitive function. Methods Cross-sectional data (n=1,991) from the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study; restricted to participants who completed telephone-based cognitive assessments of episodic memory, executive functioning, and self-perceived memory. Occupational exposure data were harvested from the O*NET Release 6.0. Results Greater complexity was associated with better self-perceived memory among women and men, and better episodic memory and executive functioning among women. Greater physical hazards was independently associated with poorer episodic memory and executive functioning. Conclusions Objective assessments of physical and psychosocial exposures in the workplace are independently associated with cognitive outcomes in adulthood, with psychosocial exposures being particularly pronounced among women.

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Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Mid-Late Life Cognitive Function in Eastern Europe

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Associations of childhood socioeconomic status with mid‐life and late‐life cognition in Chinese middle‐aged and older population based on a 5‐year period cohort study

Associations of childhood socioeconomic status with mid‐life and late‐life cognition in Chinese middle‐aged and older population based on a 5‐year period cohort study

Childhood deprivation and later-life cognitive function in a population-based study of older rural South Africans

Workplace Exposures and Cognitive Function During Adulthood

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