Life cycle and attacks of ectoparasites on ruminants during the year in Central Europe: recommendations for treatment with insecticides (e.g., Butox®)

Mehlhorn, Heinz; Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.; Abdel-Ghaffar, Fathy; Klimpel, Sven; Pohle, Herbert

doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1957-0

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Comparing the efficacy of deltamethrin to the other acaricidal/insecticidal compounds above (while neglecting other, much more toxic ones) deltamethrin is in the range of the group. Since with respect to protection from important insect vectors such as Culicoides species (vector of bluetongue disease), it was recommended to use Butox® (deltamethrin) at intervals of 3 weeks (Mehlhorn et al 2007(Mehlhorn et al , 2010, this product offers, under these conditions, a very good protection as well against ticks as insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protection of cattle and sheep was and is done by "dipping" cattle and sheep into water containing chemical acaricides and/or by application of chemical insecticides/acaricides along the vertebral column of the animals (Turberg and Hansen 2008). Applications of plant extracts are still rare (Mehlhorn et al 2010), but have several advantages compared to the chemical products, since there are already resistances against some of the chemical products and there are often obligatory waiting times before the meat and/or milk might be again used as human food. Therefore, it is needed to check from time to time whether some of the chemical products are still efficient against attacking ticks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of deltamethrin (Butox® 7.5 pour on) against nymphs and adults of ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in treated hair of cattle and sheep

Mehlhorn

Schumacher²,

Jatzlau³

et al. 2010

Parasitol Res

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Ticks are known to be able to transmit a broad spectrum of agents of diseases in cattle or sheep. Therefore, measurements are needed to keep ticks away from the body of any ruminant belonging to the agricultural life stock. The present study dealt with investigations to measure the efficacy of the insecticide deltamethrin (Butox® 7.5 pour on) against specimens of two important species (Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Four sheep and four young cattle were treated lege arte along the vertebral column with 10 ml Butox® (deltamethrin) per sheep or 30 ml Butox® per cattle. Day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after the treatment, hair was shaved off from the head, ears, the back, belly, and the feet being collected in separate, suitable plastic bags, and transported to the institute, where these hair were brought into close contact with either adult and/or nymph stages of I. ricinus and R. sanguineus. As results, strong, acaricidal effects were seen, which varied according to the parasite species, the origin of the hair (e.g., head, leg, etc.) and according to the period after the treatment. In sheep, the acaricidal effect was noted for the whole period of 28 days along the whole body with respect to adults and nymphs of I. ricinus, while the acaricidal effects of deltamethrin were reduced for R. sanguineus stages beginning at day 21 after treatment. In cattle, the full acaricidal effect was seen for 21 days in I. ricinus stages and for 14 days in R. sanguineus, while the acaricidal efficacy became reduced after these periods of full action-beginning at the hair taken from the legs. Only R. sanguineus adults did not show any reaction on day 28 after treatment. Besides these acaricidal effects, repellent effects were also noted. Full repellency for both species was seen during the first 14 days in sheep and cattle against Ixodes and Rhipicephalus, while the repellency was later reduced, especially in contact with hair from the legs. As conclusion, deltamethrin, besides its very good effects against biting insects, brings acaricidal as well as repellent effects against ticks, thus protecting the sheep and cattle from transmission of agents of diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of deltamethrin (Butox® 7.5 pour on) against nymphs and adults of ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in treated hair of cattle and sheep

Mehlhorn

Schumacher²,

Jatzlau³

et al. 2010

Parasitol Res

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“…Z kolei krąg żywicielski obu gatunków z rodzaju Lipoptena wydaje się dość szeroki i obejmuje jeleniowate (łoś, jeleń szlachetny, jeleń wschodni (sika), daniel, sarna, renifer, maral) i pustorogie (muflon, żubr, bydło domowe, koza i owca) oraz dziki (13,23,27,28,40,42,45,57). Sporadycznie muchówki te były stwierdzane również u ssaków drapieżnych, tj.…”

Section: Biologia I Opis Gatunków Pasożytówunclassified

Biodivesity and importance of hippoboscids infection in cervids

Kowal

Nosal

Kornas

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The present paper focuses on three species belonging to the family Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca equina, Lipoptena cervi and L. fortisetosa – haematophagus ectoparasites typical of cervids. In Europe, the forest flies (H. equina) are observed mainly in horses and cattle, but the primary host of this parasite is the red deer (Cervus elaphus). The host group of deer keds Lipoptena sp. include different ruminant species belonging to Cervidae (moose, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer and maral) and Bovidae family (mouflon, european bison, cattle, sheep and goat). Furthermore, some species of carnivores (European badger, dog and red fox) can be accidental hosts. The presence of adult hippoboscid flies in the environment shows strong seasonality. One or two generations of H. equina occurs from May to October. The alate forms of univoltine Lipoptena cervi and probably multivoltine L. fortisetosa appear from August to September, and from June to September, respectively. During warm autumns, both species can be observed in late October, or even November. Hippobosca equina and Lipoptena cervi are native species, unlike the foreign L. fortisetosa. This Asian species was noted in Europe for the first time in the 1960s, and has rapidly spread in numerous countries. The most probable way of L. fortisetosa introduction to Europe was translocation via host (probably sika deer), or natural dispersion throughout Eurasia. Therefore L. fortisetosa should be treated as an alien invasive species in Poland and Europe. Interest in these three neglected dipteran species has increased after reports of their veterinary and medical importance. All these parasite species are able to attack humans. Bites of these insects are considered painful, cause skin lesions with the presence of characteristic persistent pruritic papules, and, in extreme cases, may result in an anaphylactic reaction. Hippoboscids can play a role in the transmission of bacterial pathogens, including Anaplasma and Bartonella genera, dangerous for humans and animals. Permanent and intensive attacks on humans, during the seasonal mass occurrence of these parasites, can hinder forestry work, as well as harvesting, recreation, and hunting activities in forested areas.

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“…Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), more commonly known as the sheep blowfly, is the primary agent of ovine cutaneous myiasis (blowfly strike) in many European countries such as England, Netherlands and Germany, and parts of the southern hemisphere (Snoep et al 2002;Bisdorff and Wall 2008;Mehlhorn et al 2010). The feeding activity of larvae at the skin surface can lead rapidly to the development of cutaneous lesions, further oviposition, debilitation, and the subsequent death of the infested animal, unless treated (Harvey et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of an odorant receptor from the myiasis-causing blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

et al. 2011

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The blowfly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a facultative ectoparasite that causes myiasis in both man and animals, leading to serious human health problems and economic losses in the livestock industry. Like other insects, olfaction of this species plays an important role in host location and is presumably mediated by a seven transmembrane receptor family. Here, we isolate and characterize LserOR1, which is the first candidate member of the odorant receptor gene family from L. sericata. LserOR1 displayed high amino acid conservation with previously identified Or83b orthologs from different insect species. The transcripts of LserOR1 were detected in the major olfactory organs including the antennae and maxillary palps, as well as in traditionally non-olfactory tissues such as the legs and female ovipositors. In developmental studies, a quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed and validated for determining the relative expression levels of LserOR1 during several stages. In contrast to its extremely high expression in the adult stage, LserOR1 expression was at the lowest level during the egg stage, and then increased to a peak through the first two larval stages before declining in the third-instar stage. These results suggest that a broadly expressed LserOR1 receptor is likely to be essential for olfactory sensory processes throughout the lifetime of L. sericata. The present study provides the information that may aid in the development of novel blowfly repellents using olfactory proteins as molecular targets.

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Life cycle and attacks of ectoparasites on ruminants during the year in Central Europe: recommendations for treatment with insecticides (e.g., Butox®)

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Efficacy of deltamethrin (Butox® 7.5 pour on) against nymphs and adults of ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in treated hair of cattle and sheep

Efficacy of deltamethrin (Butox® 7.5 pour on) against nymphs and adults of ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in treated hair of cattle and sheep

Biodivesity and importance of hippoboscids infection in cervids

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of an odorant receptor from the myiasis-causing blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

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