Life cycle assessment of a geothermal combined heat and power plant based on high temperature utilization

Karlsdóttir, Marta Rós; Heinonen, Jukka; Pálsson, Halldór; Palsson, Olafur P.

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.101727

Cited by 81 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The environmental impact can therefore be reduced even before construction if efforts are made to access the heat reservoir with as few boreholes as possible. Similar results can be found in Karlsdottir [13], Praitiwi [14] and McCay [15], with the construction phase dominating most impacts. Our second contribution in this paper are correlations for the individual environmental impacts as a function of characteristic parameters of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Life Cycle Assessment of a Reversible Heat Pump–Organic Rankine Cycle–Heat Storage System with Geothermal Heat Supply

et al. 2020

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The life cycle assessment of components is becoming increasingly important for planning and construction. In this paper, a novel storage technology for excess electricity consisting of a heat pump, a heat storage and an organic rankine cycle is investigated with regards to its environmental impact. Waste heat is exergetically upgraded, stored in a hot water storage unit and afterwards reconverted to electricity when needed. Such a pilot plant on a lab scale is currently built in Germany. The first part of this paper focuses on geothermal energy as a potential heat source for the storage system and its environmental impact. For a large scale application, geothermal hotspots in Germany are further investigated. The second part analyzes the storage technology itself and compares it to the impacts of commonly used battery storage technologies. Especially during the manufacturing process, significantly better global warming potential values are shown compared to lithium-ion and lead batteries. The least environmental impact while operating the system is with wind power, which suggests an implementation of the storage system into the grid in the northern part of Germany.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Life Cycle Assessment of a Reversible Heat Pump–Organic Rankine Cycle–Heat Storage System with Geothermal Heat Supply

et al. 2020

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“…The utilization of geothermal resources generally results in low emissions of GHG compared to conventional energy resources (e.g., [17,36,37]). The highest emissions from geothermal exploitation stem from utilizing high-temperature resources [8]. In high-temperature geothermal reservoirs, hot fluid interacts with the surrounding rock that results in the dissolution of gases and various minerals from the rock to the geothermal fluid.…”

Section: Ghg Emissions From High-temperature Geothermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the paper addresses the methods used to allocate the PEF and GHG emission factor between electricity and heat from combined heat and power (CHP) plants, with a focus on how they apply to high-temperature geothermal CHP plants, and how they affect the outcome of an assessment. The study uses a technical example derived from a previously published paper by the authors on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the largest geothermal power plant in Iceland, the Hellisheidi geothermal CHP plant [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Geothermal Utilization in the Context of European Energy Policy—Implications and Limitations

et al. 2020

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The European Union (EU) has made climate change mitigation a high priority though a policy framework called “Clean Energy for all Europeans “. The concept of primary energy for energy resources plays a critical role in how different energy technologies appear in the context of this policy. This study shows how the calculation methodologies of primary energy content and primary energy factors pose a possible negative implication on the future development of geothermal energy when comparing against EU’s key energy policy targets for 2030. Following the current definitions of primary energy, geothermal utilization becomes the most inefficient resource in terms of primary energy use, thus contradicting key targets of increased energy efficiency in buildings and in the overall energy use of member states. We use a case study of Hellisheidi, an existing geothermal power plant in Iceland, to demonstrate how the standard primary energy factor for geothermal in EU energy policy is highly overestimated for efficient geothermal power plants. Moreover, we combine life cycle assessment and the commonly utilized combined heat and power production allocation methods to extract the non-renewable primary energy factor for geothermal and show how it is only a minimal fraction of the total primary energy factor for geothermal. The findings of the study apply to other geothermal plants within the coverage of the European Union’s energy policy, whether from high- or low-temperature geothermal resources. Geothermal has substantial potential to aid in achieving the key energy and climate targets. Still, with the current definition of the primary energy of geothermal resources, it may not reach the potential.

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“…Geothermal power plants are power generation systems that use geothermal fluids formed in the depths of the earth and are not directly affected by meteorological conditions in the way that solar, wind and hydropower systems are, thus differing them from other power plants that use renewable sources. Based on the temperatures and characteristics of geothermal reservoirs, geothermal fluids can also be used for different purposes such as space heating and cooling [ 1 , 2 ], combined heat and power (CHP) technology and even cooling through trigeneration along with power generation [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] industrial and agricultural drying, balneology, cosmetics or mineral recovery, which are classified as the direct applications aside from power generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of long-term well management in geothermal power systems using fuzzy control: A Western Anatolia (Turkey) case study

Haklidir

2020

Energy

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Effective geothermal power generation depends on two main elements: geothermal reservoir management and maintenance of the power plant. Reservoir management consists of both the fluid production and reinjection of brine to the underground. The management of wells is important to ensure the sustainability of the reservoir. Thus, the flow rate control systems are essential to protect geothermal reservoirs under long-term power production. The second issue is the daily change in electricity prices and the load change process is complex because geothermal well controls are not flexible operations. The well management thus requires control approaches, and fuzzy control can be one effective solution. In this study, a fuzzy control system has been developed to control flow rates of the wells in Kızıldere geothermal field and its performance has been compared with the real data taken from the Kızıldere Power Plant. The results of comparison show that the fuzzy controllers achieved the target energy production in 2 h instead of 5 h, compared to the real data. Based on the real data, the reinjection was only able to stabilize at the end of the fourth hour and the process took only 2 h when using the fuzzy controllers.

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Life cycle assessment of a geothermal combined heat and power plant based on high temperature utilization

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

Life Cycle Assessment of a Reversible Heat Pump–Organic Rankine Cycle–Heat Storage System with Geothermal Heat Supply

Life Cycle Assessment of a Reversible Heat Pump–Organic Rankine Cycle–Heat Storage System with Geothermal Heat Supply

High-Temperature Geothermal Utilization in the Context of European Energy Policy—Implications and Limitations

The importance of long-term well management in geothermal power systems using fuzzy control: A Western Anatolia (Turkey) case study

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