Life cycle assessment of a decentralized greywater treatment alternative for non-potable reuse application

Jabri, Khaoula Masmoudi; Nolde, Erwin; Ciroth, Andreas; Bousselmi, Latifa

doi:10.1007/s13762-019-02511-3

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In decentralized systems, wastewater streams are smaller at all points, which means less environmental damage. The construction of a decentralized system also generates less disturbance to the environment as collection pipe diameters and lengths are smaller, and pipes are installed at shallow depths and exhibit a more flexible design ( Nhapi, 2004 ; Opher and Friedler, 2016 ; Masmoudi Jabri et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key criteria for considering decentralization in municipal wastewater management

Bernal

Restrepo

Grueso-Casquete

2021

Heliyon

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Wastewater pollution problems are associated with population growth and the concentration of population in large urban centers. According to United Nations projections for 2050, the world population will reach 9 billion people, increasing the pressures on water resources due to their demand and pollution. Based on UNICEF and World Health Organization estimates, 2.4 billion people worldwide currently lack access to improved sanitation facilities, with 946 million practicing open defecation. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems are a viable and necessary alternative for wastewater management, thus, minimizing environmental impacts, facilitating resource recovery, and providing rural and peri-urban inhabitants with access to basic sanitation. This literature review article uses the multicriteria analysis tool to present the key economic, institutional, social, environmental, and technological aspects, criteria, and indicators that must be considered for successful decentralized system implementation planning to strengthen basic sanitation service coverage in the rural and peri-urban areas where it does not exist.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key criteria for considering decentralization in municipal wastewater management

Bernal

Restrepo

Grueso-Casquete

2021

Heliyon

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“…Biocarriers can wash out of the reactor over time. [ 159 ] Rotating biological contactor 0.0043-0.3000 1.2 COD = 84-89%, BOD 5 = 94%, TSS = 90%, TKN = 75% 0.1 Low operational cost, low technical personnel requirements, good organic removal Limited removal of pathogens and extra filtration is often needed to filter biofilm particles. [ 160 ] Gravity-driven membrane bioreactor 0.0014-0.0029 0.02-0.04 TOC = 80-95% - No backwashing or chemical and physical cleaning are required, and low energy requirement Low permeate flux, membrane fouling [ 161 ] Nano-filtration membrane treatment 52 10 COD = 98.0-99.7%, TOC = 97.7-99.6%, Salinity = 70%, SS = 100%, E. coli = 100% 5-6 Higher rejection efficiency, potent for the separation of small organic molecules, used in the desalination process Prone to membrane fouling, high operating cost involves membrane cleaning, an energy-intensive process [ 162 ] Moving bed biofilm membrane reactor 0.2 1.26-4.42 COD = 64%, BOD 5 = 95%, TSS = 98%, TN = 79%, PO 4 -P = 91%, NH 4 -N = 78% - Higher biomass concentration, higher organic removal, lower hydraulic residence times, sound mixing and mass transfer, lower membrane fouling Manual monitoring is required.…”

Section: Opportunities For Greywater Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Masmoudi Jabri et al. [ 159 ] compared the direct reuse of greywater to discharge into the environment followed by the same treatment on the scale of a residential building through LCA and found that reuse significantly decreased toxicity effects in the environment (by 1.6–16.2%) and eutrophication potential (by 17%). However, GHG emissions (by 2%) and human toxicity effects (by 51.8%) increased with greywater reuse.…”

Section: Opportunities For Greywater Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Greywater reuse as a key enabler for improving urban wastewater management

Walle¹,

Kim²,

Alam³

et al. 2023

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

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“…Many water demands (i.e., gardening, car washing, floor cleaning, etc.) by institutions and university campuses can be achieved by low-cost treatment units [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and Effective Utilization of Greywater: A Preliminary Case Study

Gautam

Makhitha

Gupta

et al. 2021

ASI

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Greywater has been identified as a valuable alternative water source over recent years. Few practices (i.e., recycling and reuse) of greywater have attracted global attention in meeting the future water demand. However, essential parameters should be analyzed for reliable reuse and treatment. The present study addresses the possibilities of the alternative source with the treated greywater. Gravity—governed flow methods through a column containing gravel, sand, and activated carbon was applied. The quality of treated greywater from the university campus, which included physical, chemical, and biological parameters, was assessed to check non-potable reuse suitability. The reduction percentage of organics in biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand was 64% and 42%, respectively. Similarly, the reduction percentage was obtained at 74% and 66% for turbidity and electrical conductivity. The removal efficiency was 57%, 77%, 48%, and 44% for total dissolved solids, alkalinity, chlorides, and total hardness. The pH of treated water samples was found in the neutral range suggesting its suitability for reuse. Hence, the proposed greywater treatment method is a cost-effective and straightforward approach to reuse greywater for irrigation, watering the lawns, and car washing. The greywater collected can be disinfected immediately and reused with minimal possibility of regrowth of microorganisms.

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Life cycle assessment of a decentralized greywater treatment alternative for non-potable reuse application

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Key criteria for considering decentralization in municipal wastewater management

Key criteria for considering decentralization in municipal wastewater management

Greywater reuse as a key enabler for improving urban wastewater management

Treatment and Effective Utilization of Greywater: A Preliminary Case Study

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