Life cycle assessment of alternative building floor rehabilitation systems

Demertzi, Martha; Silvestre, José Dinis; Garrido, Mário; Correia, João R.; Durão, Vera; Proença, M.

doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2020.03.060

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The increase in concrete strength in vibro-piles from C20/25 to C40/50 reduced the eco-cost, ReCiPe, and CED impacts by up to 30% and GWP by 25% (e.g., 2-4). Similarly, the increase in concrete strength from C30/37 to C40/50 reduced the eco-costs and ReCiPe impacts by up to 25%, and GWP and CED by up to 20% (e.g., [3][4]. Surprisingly, vibro-piles that differed only in concrete strength had a similar impact from concrete but a different impact from steel (e.g., 3 and 4).…”

Section: Economic Results Of Foundation Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This is because as the strength of the concrete increases, less steel reinforcement is required, although the cost of concrete is slightly higher. Moreover, foundations with four piles per beam were 7-12% more economical than foundations with three piles because the former have less steel reinforcement (e.g., [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Alternatives with vibro-piles that fit the beams better (i.e., larger pile for the same beam) were up to 20% cheaper.…”

Section: Economic Results Of Foundation Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the number of piles in beams, four-pile foundations obtained 20-30% fewer impacts in eco-costs and ReCiPe, 15-20% in GWP and 15-25% in CED compared to those with three piles (e.g., [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. This is because less steel is required to compensate for the bending moments and shear forces in the beams and buckling forces in the piles.…”

Section: Economic Results Of Foundation Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, embodied energy related to the materials, construction, maintenance, and end of life of buildings is becoming increasingly important [3]. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has proven to be a suitable tool to reduce the environmental impact of buildings [4,5]. Nevertheless, uncertainties in the LCA calculation must be minimized and reliable benchmarks must be provided for evaluating buildings [6,7].…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Economic Optimization of a Conventional Concrete Building Foundation: Selecting the Best of 28 Alternatives by Applying the Pareto Front

2021

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This research optimizes the environmental impact of a conventional building foundation in Northern Europe while considering the economic cost. The foundation is composed of piles and ground beams. Calculations are performed following relevant building Eurocodes and using life cycle assessment methodology. Concrete and steel accounted for the majority of the environmental impact of foundation alternatives; in particular, steel on piles has a significant influence. Selecting small sections of precast piles or low-reinforcement vibro-piles instead of continuous-flight auger piles can reduce the environmental impacts and economic costs of a foundation by 55% and 40%, respectively. However, using precast beams rather than building them on site can increase the global warming potential (GWP) by up to 10%. Increasing the concrete strength in vibro-piles can reduce the eco-costs, ReCiPe indicator, and cumulated energy demand (CED) by up to 30%; the GWP by 25%; and the economic costs by up to 15%. Designing three piles instead of four piles per beam reduces the eco-costs and ReCiPe by 20–30%, the GWP by 15–20%, the CED by 15–25%, and the costs by 12%. A Pareto analysis was used to select the best foundation alternatives in terms of the combination of costs and eco-burdens, which are those with vibro-piles with higher concrete strengths (low reinforcement), cast in situ or prefabricated beams and four piles per beam.

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Section: Economic Results Of Foundation Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Economic Results Of Foundation Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Results Of Foundation Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Economic Optimization of a Conventional Concrete Building Foundation: Selecting the Best of 28 Alternatives by Applying the Pareto Front

2021

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“…These defective bridges were in urgent need of transverse strengthening and rehabilitation. In case of the T-girder bridges, the strengthening methods included floor strengthening layer reinforcement technique (Demertzi et al, 2020), steel wire mesh embedded in polymer mortar overlay (Du, et al, 2021;Xing, et al, 2010), pre-stressing technique (Aslam et al, 2015), Tgirder bridge conversion into box girder section (Tian, 2008), external reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (Belarbi et al, 2012;Wight and Erki, 2003), external reinforced with steel plates/rods (Abdul-Razzaq et al, 2017;Abdul-Razzaq and Abdul-Kareen, 2018;Shin et al, 2018), mechanically fastened fiber-reinforced polymer method (Lamanna et al, 2004), thickened diaphragm method and other strengthening methods. However, few investigations were performed for the transverse strengthening method and reinforcement theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding composite truss to improve mechanical properties of reinforced concrete T-girder bridge

Yang

Hou

et al. 2022

Advances in Structural Engineering

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To solve the problem of insufficient transverse connection of T-girder bridges, this paper investigated the strengthening method of two composite trusses symmetrically installed in mid-span. The composite truss included two top plates, four diagonal braces, and one horizontal brace. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete T-girder using single-point loading method under four load cases. The experimental results showed that the maximum transverse stiffness of T-girder specimens strengthened with composite trusses improved by 12.4% compared with control beams. Simultaneously, it had an excellent restraining effect on the cracks development. The maximum percentage decrease in the deflection corresponding to the maximum load when the reinforced concrete T-girder strengthened with composite trusses over the control beam of up to 39.7 was observed. In addition, the load transverse distribution coefficient was investigated according to rigid-jointed slab (girder) method. The composite trusses were chosen as intermediate diaphragm to calculate moment of inertia. The analytical model was in an accurate with the experimental result under the same loading condition. The optimize spacing of composite trusses was given from 600 mm ( L/10) to 1200 mm ( L/5), and thickness of top plate was 30 mm when the load transverse distribution coefficient was homogeneously distributed. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of composite trusses.

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Investigation on mechanical performance of prestressed concrete box‐girder bridge strengthened using composite trusses with different shapes

Hou,

Yang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Structural Concrete

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In this study, a finite element (FE) model of an existing prestressed concrete box‐girder (PCB) bridge is developed using Abaqus/Explicit (2022), and a series of FE simulations are conducted to examine the results of composite trusses (CTs) in strengthening PCB bridges with different shapes. A concrete damage plastic model of concrete is used to predict the nonlinear behavior of concrete. Field tests and theoretical calculations are performed to verify the rationality of the model. Three CTs of different shapes, that is, a K‐shaped composite truss (KCT), an X‐shaped composite truss (XCT), and a triangle‐shaped composite truss (TCT), are used to strengthen the PCB bridge models. The deflection, load distribution, distortion, and surface connection forces under two types of lane loads (European code [EU] and Chinese code [CC]) are discussed. The results show that the CT can reduce the deflection and distortion of the PCB bridge and improve the load distribution. However, the different CT shapes offer other strengthening effects. Among them, the XCT reduces deflection the most significantly, that is, by 8.9% and 17.1% under the two load modes, separately. In addition, the XCT improves the load distribution of the PCB bridge the most significantly. The KCT reduces the distortion of the PCB bridge the most significantly and decreases the stress ratio by 75.36%. Moreover, the deflection of the PCB bridge under the EC is more significant, indicating that the lane load defined by the EC is larger than that by the CC. The maximum surface connection forces are different under the same load mode for the different CTs. However, in all the models, the bending moment at surface‐2 is insignificant. Based on the analysis results, five assumptions are introduced. Using the KCT as an example, the plane model of the reinforced section is simplified, and a canonical equation is established to calculate the load distribution factor. The 324 coefficients and 18 free terms in this canonical equation are deduced, which provides a theoretical basis for strengthening PCB bridges using CTs.

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Life cycle assessment of alternative building floor rehabilitation systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Environmental and Economic Optimization of a Conventional Concrete Building Foundation: Selecting the Best of 28 Alternatives by Applying the Pareto Front

Environmental and Economic Optimization of a Conventional Concrete Building Foundation: Selecting the Best of 28 Alternatives by Applying the Pareto Front

Adding composite truss to improve mechanical properties of reinforced concrete T-girder bridge

Investigation on mechanical performance of prestressed concrete box‐girder bridge strengthened using composite trusses with different shapes

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