Life cycle assessment of an integrated circuit product

Taiariol, F.; Fea, P.; Papuzza, C.; Casalino, R.; Galbiati, Enrico; Zappa, S.

doi:10.1109/isee.2001.924514

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Neither estimate includes the energy requirements of the materials that go into the process, the foremost of which is semiconductor grade silicon which has an estimated energy requirement of 35,000 MJ/kg (Taiariol et al 2001). Also, both of the estimates are for "high power" surface This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government.…”

Section: Led Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Energy and Off-Grid Lighting

Alstone¹,

Mills²,

Jacobson³

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Lumina Project includes an Off-Grid Lighting Technology Assessment activity to provide manufacturers, re-sellers, program managers, and policymakers with information to help ensure the delivery of products that maximize consumer acceptance and the market success of off-grid lighting solutions for the developing world. SummaryThe greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fuel-based lighting are substantial given the paltry levels of lighting service provided to users, leading to a great opportunity for GHG mitigation by encouraging the switch from fuel-based to rechargeable LED lighting. However, as with most new energy technology, switching to efficient lighting requires an up-front investment of energy (and GHGs) embedded in the manufacture of replacement components. We studied a population of off-grid lighting users in [2008][2009] in Kenya who were given the opportunity to adopt LED lighting. Based on their use patterns with the LED lights and the levels of kerosene offset we observed, we found that the embodied energy of the LED lamp was "paid for" in only one month for grid charged products and two months for solar charged products. Furthermore, the energyreturn-on investment-ratio (energy produced or offset over the product's service life divided by energy embedded) for off-grid LED lighting ranges from 12 to 24, which is on par with on-grid solar and large-scale wind energy. We also found that the energy embodied in the manufacture of a typical hurricane lantern is about one-half to one-sixth of that embodied in the particular LED lights that we evaluated, indicating that the energy payback time would be moderately faster ifLEDs ultimately displace the production of kerosene lanterns. As LED products improve, we anticipate longer service lives and more successful displacement of kerosene lighting, both of which will speed the already rapid recovery of embodied energy in these products. Our study provides a detailed appendix with embodied energy values for a variety of components used to construct off-grid LED lighting, which can be used to analyze other products.

show abstract

Section: Led Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Energy and Off-Grid Lighting

Alstone¹,

Mills²,

Jacobson³

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the same 2001 conference, another paper from ST Microelectronics reports a "gate-to-gate" life-cycle inventory (LCI) analysis for an 8Mbit EPROM chip [99]. The methodology is explained in greater detail than the previous NEC study: data for the chemicals, facilities resources (e.g., ultra-pure water) and electricity demands for each process step were collected, and summed to represent the entire process flow for the EPROM device.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this chapter is to provide a detailed, complete, transparent and accurate inventory of the environmental impacts of many generations of logic chips in order to investigate trends in emissions over time and to allow LCA practitioners to more accurately model electronic equipment, as well as services enabled by electronics. Previous published work in the area of semiconductor LCA has included four environmental impact studies from industry [100,83,99,111] which report impacts for wafer fabrication and, in some cases, also use and the production of materials. Most do not include impacts associated with the production of facility infrastructure or process chemicals (aka, 'upstream' impacts).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Cycle Assessment of Semiconductors

Boyd¹

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This thesis is the first complete and transparent study of the life-cycle environmental impacts of semiconductor chips using process-level data, as well as the first analysis of the changes in these impacts over time. LCA of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic, flash memory and dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are presented. CMOS logic is the most common form of digital logic used today. This thesis provides a life cycle assessment for CMOS chips over 7 technology generations with the purpose of comparing impacts by life cycle stage, examining their trends over time and evaluating their sensitivity to data uncertainty and changes in production metrics such as yield. A hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) model is used; Wafer production, electricity generation, water supply and certain materials are represented by process LCA data, while the remaining materials are described using economic input-output (EIO) LCA methods. It is determined that, in the case of CMOS logic, life-cycle impacts in all but one category are dominated by the use phase, and impacts are most sensitive to those variables which define use phase energy demand (chip power demand, usage patterns, power supply efficiency and chip lifetime). Using the same methodology, LCA of flash memory over 5 technology generations is presented. The most recent generation of flash memory is compared with magnetic storage, using a laptop hard-drive as a functional unit, and it is determined that in most impact categories, a flash-based drive will result in fewer impacts. Life-cycle impacts of DRAM, over 6 technology generations, are presented using as the functional unit, the memory requirements a popular operating system in each year of production. The influence of the choice of functional unit on results in semiconductor LCA is examined, and it is argued that functional unit is best defined as a computational power or memory capacity required for a given function, within a set time period. The LCA impact and inventory results for these three types of semiconductor products allow more accurate assessment of the environmental ben-1 efit or costs of information technology relative to traditional products and services.

show abstract

“…While there has already been done a comprehensive research work on recycling of PCBs [5], [6] as well as in terms of life cycle assessment for PCBs and PCB using products [7], [8] the energy consumption aspects in the PCB manufacturing have not been addressed so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Extended Energy Value Stream Approach Applied on the Electronics Industry

Bogdanski

Schönemann

Thiede

et al. 2013

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In today's manufacturing companies lean production systems are widely established in order to address the traditional production objectives such as quality, cost, time and flexibility. Beyond those objectives, objectives such as energy consumption and related CO2 emissions gained relevance due to rising energy costs and environmental concerns. Existing energy value stream methods allow the consideration of traditional and energy related variables. However, current approaches only take the energy consumptions of the actual manufacturing process and set-up times into account neglecting non-productive operational states and technical building services related consumption. Therefore, an extended energy value stream approach will be presented that provides the necessary degree of transparency to enable improvements of the energy value stream of a product considering also the influence of product design parameters.

show abstract

Life cycle assessment of an integrated circuit product

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Embodied Energy and Off-Grid Lighting

Embodied Energy and Off-Grid Lighting

Life-Cycle Assessment of Semiconductors

An Extended Energy Value Stream Approach Applied on the Electronics Industry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About