Life cycle assessment of coated white board: a case study in China

Cui, Zhaojie; yannan, Hou; Hong, Jinglan; Ismail, Zainab Z.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.04.007

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The acidification potential of a Spanish Eucalyptus bleached pulp is 2.83 kg SO 2 equiv by ton air dried using CML 2000 (González-García et al 2009). This same impact category calculated by Impact 2002+ methodology is 2.96 kg SO 2 equiv by LPB ton and for the Chinese study is 13.2 kg SO 2 equiv by ton of white board (Cui et al, 2011).…”

Section: Water Consumption (Kg/ton Of Lpb)mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…A Chinese study shows another result: 23 GJ/t of coated white board. (Cui et al, 2011). Another LCA study for Portuguese printing and writing paper (Lopes et al, 2003) showed an energy consumption between 27 and 29 MJ/t, but paper and board are different products and these numbers cannot be directly compared.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). The Chinese process states that it consumes 70 m 3 per ton of white-coated board in a similar process (Cui et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result of 1998 is underestimated, since most of the water emissions had not yet been quantified at the time. Comparing the eutrophication impact with a Chinese study (Cui et al, 2011) that used the Impact 2002+ methodology, the Brazilian result is 0.017 kg PO 4 equiv by ton and the Chinese study is 0.83 kg PO 4 equiv by ton of white board. Eutrophication due to Spanish Eucalyptus bleached pulp (González-García et al, 2009) of 0.698 kg PO 4 equiv.…”

Section: Water Consumption (Kg/ton Of Lpb)mentioning

confidence: 89%

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Carton for beverage—A decade of process efficiency improvements enhancing its environmental profile

Mourad

Silva²,

Nogueira³

2011

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Chain efficiency is currently a key issue for evaluating the sustainability of products and processes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how the overall efficiency process improvement carried out in the upstream manufacturing chain of LPB (Liquid Packaging Board) has affected the environmental profile over the last 10 years. Methods The method employs a life cycle methodology in a cradle-to-gate approach as the material can be used for obtaining beverage containers for different purposes. The scope of this study includes data from forest to rolls of finished cartons. Results and discussion Due to a current slightly larger boundary and more detailed data collection, the following improvements (at the minimum) over the last decade can be observed: a) energy consumption has been reduced by 38% reaching the value of 36,700 MJ/t LPB paperboard; b) water consumption has been reduced by 30% reaching a level of 45.85 m 3 /t LPB paperboard; c) wood consumption has been reduced by 40%, mainly as a result of the introduction of high yield CTMP (chemithermomechanical pulp) along with the increased overall efficiency of the production process and d) land use has been reduced by 69% due to increased forest productivity along with greater efficiency in the use of wood. Significant reductions have also been found related to environmental impacts such as global warming (49% less), photochemical ozone creation (14 times less), acidification (10 times less), eutrophication (8 times less) and human toxicity (6 times less). Conclusions The results have clearly shown how important it is to invest in new technologies and more efficient processes to achieve better sustainable levels. This historical perspective is also a benefit from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology that allows these types of comparisons and also shows the importance of using new inventories for environmental decisions.

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Section: Water Consumption (Kg/ton Of Lpb)mentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). The Chinese process states that it consumes 70 m 3 per ton of white-coated board in a similar process (Cui et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Consumption (Kg/ton Of Lpb)mentioning

confidence: 89%

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Carton for beverage—A decade of process efficiency improvements enhancing its environmental profile

Mourad

Silva²,

Nogueira³

2011

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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“…1 Approach for estimating the national environmental impact of selected energy production exposure of this model is consistent to multimedia modeling, and this is one of the most frequently used models in LCA analysis (Scharnhorst et al 2006;Cui et al 2011). It considers a broad set of 15 midpoint impact categories (i.e., carcinogens, noncarcinogens, respiratory inorganics, ionizing radiation, ozone layer depletion, respiratory organics, aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification/ nutrification, land occupation, aquatic acidification, aquatic eutrophication, global warming, nonrenewable energy, and mineral extraction).…”

Section: National Informationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of life cycle inventory at macro level: a case study of mechanical coke production in China

Hong

Zhang

et al. 2015

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Most existing methods for evaluating the national environmental impact of product manufacturing follow a top-down approach based on national annual statistical data. However, such approach fails to include many important data points and has a low level of quantification, which causes the difficulty in identifying insights on the location, causes, and characteristics of environmental problems. Hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA), which combines input-output data and process-based LCA, has recently been proposed and widely implemented for the collection of regional inventory. However, the limitation of using input-output data, which involves the adoption of averaging data associated with different inputs within various industry subsectors, has been highlighted. In this study, national and provincial statistical data combined with the bottom-up approach is used to solve the aforementioned problems and to assess the environmental effects of mechanical coke production at a national level. Methods A bottom-up approach combined with national and regional statistical data on product yield is used in this study to estimate the environmental effects and improvement potential of mechanical coke production at the national level. Results and discussionThe total mechanical coke production and environmental burden generated by global warming, respiratory inorganics, and nonrenewable energy in 2010 were approximately 3.31 × 10 8 t, 1.01 × 10 8 t-CO 2 eq., 1.98 × 10 5 t PM 2.5 eq., and 1.05×10 10 GJ Primary, respectively. The highest coke production fluxes were found in Shanghai, followed by Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, and Henan. The lowest coke production was observed in Hainan and Xizang. The difference can be attributed to coal mining and economic levels. From 2008 to 2012, the CO 2 , SO 2 , and NOx emissions as well as nonrenewable energy consumption for mechanical coke production accounted for 0.5 to 1.4, 1.5 to 2.2, 3.8 to 4.7, and 4.8 to 13.2 % of the total CO 2 , SO 2 , and NOx emissions and nonrenewable energy consumption in China, respectively. The following processes are highly important in reducing the environmental burden imposed by mechanical coke production in China: optimizing the transport distance and type, using underground coal washing technology, decreasing coke exports, and improving the efficiency of coking coal consumption, the average usage rate of seam gas drainage, the energy recovery rate of coke dry quenching technology, and the amount of imported coking coal. Conclusions The most significant processes, substances, and potential environmental impact categories that contribute to the overall environmental burden in China can be easily evaluated. The combination of national information, provincial statistical data, and LCA results on mechanical coke production represents a large group of LCA products that can further determine the key improvement factors for reducing the national overall environmental burden imposed by the manufacturing of mechanical coke.

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A comparison of the GHG emissions caused by manufacturing tissue paper from virgin pulp or recycled waste paper

Gemechu

Butnar

Gomà-Camps³

et al. 2013

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Life cycle assessment of coated white board: a case study in China

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Carton for beverage—A decade of process efficiency improvements enhancing its environmental profile

Carton for beverage—A decade of process efficiency improvements enhancing its environmental profile

Evaluation of life cycle inventory at macro level: a case study of mechanical coke production in China

A comparison of the GHG emissions caused by manufacturing tissue paper from virgin pulp or recycled waste paper

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