Life Cycle Assessment of district heat production in a straw fired CHP plant

Parajuli, Ranjan; Løkke, Søren; Østergaard, Poul Alberg; Knudsen, Marie Trydeman; Schmidt, Jannick Højrup; Dalgaard, Tommy

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.06.005

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Djomo et al [4] report the change in soil organic carbon for perennial energy crops to be climate change mitigating, conversely Sastre et al [5] show that loss of carbon of soil carbon is the greatest contributor to the climate change effect of a bioenergy system utilizing wheat straw. It is also one of the conclusions of Yang et al [6] and Parajuli et al [7] that carbon loss from agricultural residue removal is an important contributor to climate change in a bioenergy system. Two latter papers discuss the impact of atmospheric carbon load due to biogenic carbon emissions, Parajuli et al [7] uses the approach of Petersen et al [8], which is very similar to the work of Guest et al [9] and [10] for forestry systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It is also one of the conclusions of Yang et al [6] and Parajuli et al [7] that carbon loss from agricultural residue removal is an important contributor to climate change in a bioenergy system. Two latter papers discuss the impact of atmospheric carbon load due to biogenic carbon emissions, Parajuli et al [7] uses the approach of Petersen et al [8], which is very similar to the work of Guest et al [9] and [10] for forestry systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This is in line with the assumptions of Nguyen et al [15] and Parajuli er al. [7]. The marginal mineral fertilizer used in this assessment are based on the market of fertilizer for NPK in Ecoinvent 3.1 [22]..…”

Section: Nutrient Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate effect of an integrated wheat production and bioenergy system with Low Temperature Circulating Fluidized Bed gasifier

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Climate effect of an integrated wheat production and bioenergy system with Low Temperature Circulating Fluidized Bed gasifier

et al. 2015

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“…For the same quantity of agri-residue, NRE use was reported to be 217 MJ-primary. However, the fact that the straw ashes may be recycled after combustion and was not taken into account at this stage, but was accounted for when assessing the overall consequences in the entire life cycle process of straw utilization [83]. In most of the impact categories, as discussed above, manufacturing of N-fertilizers is the major source of the impact, also in this case (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the significance of such assessments could be useful to assess the environmental and economic hotspots at the farming system level. These hotspots principally guide to implement the preventive measures to reduce the anticipated impacts.Parajuli et al [83], while assessing the environmental performance of miscanthus as a fuel input to a combined heat and power (CHP) plant stated that of the gross NRE used calculated in the conversion of the biomass to 1 MJ of district heat, manufacturing process of agri-chemicals alone covers about 43%. Similarly, of the gross GWP related to conversion of miscanthus to heat and power in the CHP plant, manufacturing process of agri-chemicals covered about 55%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Parajuli

Dalgaard

Jørgensen

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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227

121

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Abstract:The aim of the current paper is to discuss the sustainability aspect of biorefinery systems with focus on: biomass supply chains, processing of biomass feedstocks in biorefinery platforms and sustainability assessment methodologies. From the stand point of sustainability, it is important to optimize the agricultural production system and minimize the related environmental impacts at the farming system level. These impacts are primarily related to agri-chemical inputs and the related undesired environmental emissions and to the repercussions from biomass production. At the same time, the biorefineries needs a year-round supply of biomass and about 40-60% of the total operating cost of a typical biorefinery is related to the feedstocks chosen, and thus highlights on the careful prioritization of feedstocks mainly based on their economic and environmental loadings. Regarding the processing in biorefinery platforms, chemical composition of biomasses is important. Biomasses with higher concentrations of cellulose and hemicelluloses compared to lignin are preferred for bioethanol production in the lignocellulosic biorefinery, since the biodegradability of cellulose is higher than lignin. A green biorefinery platform enables the extraction of protein from grasses, producing an important alternative to importing protein sources for food products and animal feed, while also allowing processing of residues to deliver bioethanol. Currently, there are several approaches to integrate biorefinery platforms, which are aimed to enhance their economic and environmental sustainability. Regarding sustainability assessment, the complexities related to the material flows in a biorefinery and the delivery of alternative biobased products means dealing with multiple indicators in the decision-making process to enable comparisons of alternatives. Life Cycle Assessment is regarded as one of the most relevant tools to assess the environmental hotspots in the biomass supply chains, at processing stages and also to support in the prioritization of any specific biobased products and the alternatives delivered from biorefineries.Keywords: biorefinery, biomass feedstock, sustainability, biobased product, environmental performances, economic performances, Life Cycle Assessment 2 IntroductionThe societal need of energy and materials is predicted to reach a crisis point in the near future [1]. This is because of the coupling between escalating demand and cost of fossil fuels upon which the production of chemicals, materials and energy conversions still depend. The high energy intensity in material production has sustainability impacts on the energy sector, environment and economy [2]. Currently fossil fuels contribute about 80% of the global energy demand, and even if the current political commitments and strategies to tackle the issues of climate change and energy insecurity, as envisioned by different countries are in place, the global energy demand in 2035 is still projected to rise by 40% with fossil fuels contributing 75% [3]. The ...

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Multi‐criteria assessment of yellow, green, and woody biomasses: pre‐screening of potential biomasses as feedstocks for biorefineries

Parajuli

Knudsen

Dalgaard

2015

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The need for sustainable production of food, feed, and fuel for a growing global population with minimum pressure on land use and other ecological impacts is a major challenge. The aim of the current study is to pre-screen available biomass types to prepare for a system-wide sustainability assessment in related biorefi nery value chains. The study describes the use of multiple-criteria decision-making techniques as tools for assessing criteria and to draw preferences among the alternatives. Thirteen biomass types (classifi ed as yellow, green, and woody) are evaluated with respect to 15 criteria. The criteria are classifi ed under the three assessment parameters: supply potential, biomass properties, and potential environmental gain/losses. Pair-wise comparisons of the alternatives are carried out in an outranking method (PROMETHEE) on the basis of their ratings (on a 1-5 scale) and weights assigned to the criteria. Weighting factors of the criteria are calculated by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study shows that the net outranking fl ow for the most preferred biomass types are: grass-clover 2.8, wheat-straw 1.2 and willow 1, representing the biomass categories green, yellow and woody, respectively. The overall order of the preferred biomass types is grass-clover, pure grass, alfalfa from the green category; straw based on wheat and barley from the yellow category; and willow from the woody category. Furthermore, irrespective of whether or not the raw materials are processed in integrated biorefi neries, preferences on biomass types are also important in the context of their sustainable conversions in related biorefi nery platforms (e.g. straw in a sugar-based lignocellulosic biorefi nery and grass-clover in a green biorefi nery).

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Life Cycle Assessment of district heat production in a straw fired CHP plant

Cited by 48 publications

References 76 publications

Climate effect of an integrated wheat production and bioenergy system with Low Temperature Circulating Fluidized Bed gasifier

Climate effect of an integrated wheat production and bioenergy system with Low Temperature Circulating Fluidized Bed gasifier

Biorefining in the prevailing energy and materials crisis: a review of sustainable pathways for biorefinery value chains and sustainability assessment methodologies

Multi‐criteria assessment of yellow, green, and woody biomasses: pre‐screening of potential biomasses as feedstocks for biorefineries

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