Life cycle assessment of food waste energy and resource conversion scheme via the integrated process of anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal carbonization

Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Review of Product Valorization Pathways

“…Roy et al [19] reported that HC used as a soil amendment was more environmentally beneficial than using it as an energy source, but this conclusion was significantly dependent on the assumed decomposition rate of biomass. Similarly, Zhao et al [33] indicated that HC-derived soil amendments have superior carbon fixation compared to land applied compost and digestate. Castro et al [36] reported that using HC as a soil amendment required an energy input 2.5 times less than that associated with using it as an energy source and, correspondingly, reported that using HC as a soil amendment resulted in a lower or equal ecological footprint than HC-derived energy across all impact categories analyzed.…”

“…Compare hydrothermal carbonization with AD and composting to assess the energy and environmental advantages of the proposed system 1 t food waste [33] Food Waste and Organic Fraction of MSW Analyze the environmental and economic performance of custom treatment paths (anaerobic digestion, HTC and incineration-in series and individually) for organic waste streams in Germany 1 kWh of energy [34] Green Waste…”

“…Food Waste Filtration and drying [33] Microalgae Filtration [36] Peat Moss and Miscanthus Transport, land application with carbon mineralization [19] Poultry Litter Land application (including mineralization of carbon) [47] Overall, these studies indicate that there are potential environmental benefits associated with using HC in agricultural applications, but they are dependent on several assumptions and site-specific details. Roy et al [19] reported that HC used as a soil amendment was more environmentally beneficial than using it as an energy source, but this conclusion was significantly dependent on the assumed decomposition rate of biomass.…”

“…Algae cultivation for nutrient recovery and production of protein-rich cattle feed, and water recovery from algae pond effluent via membrane distillation [29] Date Palm Fronds No treatment [30] Food Waste Transesterfication of bio-oil by acid treatment and glycerol recovery [31] Food Waste Nutrient recovery via struvite, then AD with biogas generation and combustion and subsequent land application of digestate [24] Food Waste No treatment [32] Food Waste Treatment at a WWTP [33] Food Waste and Organic Fraction of MSW Nanofiltration/reverse osmosis and combustion of the retentate [34] Green Waste Treatment at a WWTP [17] Green Waste, Food Waste, Organic Fraction of MSW, and Digestate…”

Biohythane, Biogas, and Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste: Recent Advancements, Technical Bottlenecks, and Prospects

“…Integrated biorefineries combine multiple processes within a single facility, maximising resource utilisation, enhancing synergies, reducing environmental impact, and incorporating energy recovery processes [144,145]. Thus, integrating bio-chemical with thermo-chemical (i.e., bio-thermo-chemical) processes for waste may lead to higher energy yields and more efficient solutions for biomass valorisation.…”