Life cycle assessment of palm-derived biodiesel in Taiwan

Maharjan, Sumit; Wang, Wei Cheng; Teah, Heng Yi

doi:10.1007/s10098-016-1290-0

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, stakeholders should pay attention to recent technology research to increase the yield of soapberry. For example, soapberry trees with three backbone branches, a 60° opening angle and with [16][17][18] fruiting branches per m 2 crown projection area could most effectively improve the yield by one-or two-fold [40]. Spraying 3% sucrose 3 times (with an interval of 7 days) before the physiological fruit-dropping period could increase the yield by 3-to 5-fold, and auxiliary pollination by bees with 3 beehives per hectare…”

Section: Recommendations On Soapberry Plantations In Southeast Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mode 3 includes plantations without any input after planting and with little fruit production. Previous studies on the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of forest-based biodiesel have shown that the emissions in the feedstock stage account for a large proportion of the total emissions, such as GHG, SO 2 and NO x , mainly due to land-use change (LUC) caused by planting of feedstock and the application of chemicals [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, this study focuses on the feedstock stage of soapberry biodiesel, and an environmental LCA of soapberry cultivation is conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mode 3 includes plantations without any input after planting and with little fruit production. [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, this study focuses on the feedstock stage of soapberry biodiesel, and an environmental LCA of soapberry cultivation is conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Performance of Soapberry (Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn.) Cultivation in Southeast China based on a Life Cycle Assessment: A Potential Feedstock for Forest-based Biodiesel

Liu

Gao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sapindus mukorossi G. has been considered as a potential feedstock for forest-based biodiesel in China. To optimize the cultivation of soapberry and ensure its sustainable supply, an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted using a chronological approach combined with extrapolation. Soapberry plantations with two degrees of cultivation intensities were comparatively analyzed. For the studied environmental categories, nitrogen fertilization accounted for half or more of the global warming potential, primary energy demand, acidification and eutrophication potential. The main contributors to ozone depletion were pesticides and potassium fertilizer. The plantations with a relatively low cultivation intensity presented better environmental performance, mainly due to the lower input of fertilizers, but they are not a priority choice for soapberry cultivation because of low yield. Stakeholders should focus on how to reduce the environmental impacts of the plantations with a relatively high cultivation intensity in this area. Overall, classified management, increasing the yield, reducing the inputs of chemicals and decreasing the unproductive years are the key ways to improve the environmental performance of soapberry cultivation in Southeast China. Woody biomass carbon should be included in LCAs, and 3.71-5.11 t CO2 can be fixed by soapberry plantations per ha year, indicating that soapberry cultivation provides a net carbon sink.

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Section: Recommendations On Soapberry Plantations In Southeast Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Performance of Soapberry (Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn.) Cultivation in Southeast China based on a Life Cycle Assessment: A Potential Feedstock for Forest-based Biodiesel

Liu

Gao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The environmental evaluation of biodiesel, particularly palm biodiesel using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach has been conducted by various parties globally for the past decades. These LCA studies were mostly cradle-to-gate or cradle-tograve type which emphasised mainly on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Yee et al, 2009;de Souza et al, 2010;Choo et al, 2011;Mohd Nor Azman et al, 2011;Silalertruksa and Gheewala, 2012;Norfaradila et al, 2014;Kittithammavong et al, 2014;Siregar et al, 2015;Maharjan et al, 2017). It was reported that the main contributors to the environmental impacts were the production and utilisation of chemical fertilisers in oil palm plantations and biogas (mainly methane) emission from palm oil mill effluent (POME).…”

Section: A R T I C L E I N P R E S Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment for the Production of Palm Biodiesel

Liang¹

2020

JOPR

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A gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) for the production of palm biodiesel was performed. The LCA study was conducted using SimaPro software version 8.5, and the impact assessment was performed according to ReCiPe 2016 methodology. A three-year (2015-2017) inventory data was obtained from five commercial palm biodiesel producers in Malaysia. Methanol, acids and sodium methoxide (catalyst) were identified as three major contributors to the environmental impacts. Impact assessment showed that replacement of fossilbased methanol with biomethanol produced from biogas is the most preferred option, saving up to 63% fossil resources and 22% reduction in global warming impact. Allocation based on economic value was found more suitable compared to mass or energy content. This is because both palm biodiesel and crude glycerol differ in terms of economic value and being used in different applications.

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“…As seeds are normally hand-picked [48], no emissions associated with the harvest of the seeds are included in this study. In addition, studies investigating palm-based biodiesel production showed that the influence of the harvest process on total GHG emissions is relatively small [49]. To simplify collection, weeds covering the seeds need to be eliminated [50].…”

Section: Rubber Tree Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Footprint of the Seeds of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) as a Biodiesel Feedstock Source

Wagner

Lippe

Lewandowski

et al. 2018

Forests

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Crude rubber seed oil (CRSO) is a promising but currently underutilized biodiesel feedstock alternative, extracted by pressing the seeds of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Rubber trees are cultivated across more than 11.4 million hectares worldwide, mainly in Southeast Asia. Despite their suitability as a biodiesel feedstock source, rubber seeds are currently treated as waste in the monocultural plantation system. To date, no assessments have been performed to examine the potential impact of rubber seed-based biodiesel production on GHG emissions. This study analyses the global warming potential of rubber seed methyl ester (RSME) production in Southeast Asia. The functional unit used is 1 MJ of biodiesel. A sensitivity analysis assesses the influence of key parameters (e.g., rubber seed yield) on the GHG mitigation potential. A scenario analysis evaluates the effect of using RSME by-products for energy generation. In comparison to fossil diesel, RSME has a carbon mitigation potential of 67 g CO2.eq. MJ−1, based on allocation by mass. On the condition of compliance with international sustainability standards that call for deforestation-free value chains, the generation of RSME biodiesel on rubber tree plantations in Southeast Asia would have a total mitigation potential of around 2.8 million tonnes of CO2 eq. per year.

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Life cycle assessment of palm-derived biodiesel in Taiwan

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Environmental Performance of Soapberry (Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn.) Cultivation in Southeast China based on a Life Cycle Assessment: A Potential Feedstock for Forest-based Biodiesel

Environmental Performance of Soapberry (Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn.) Cultivation in Southeast China based on a Life Cycle Assessment: A Potential Feedstock for Forest-based Biodiesel

Life Cycle Assessment for the Production of Palm Biodiesel

CO2 Footprint of the Seeds of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) as a Biodiesel Feedstock Source

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