Life cycle assessment of recycled NiCoMn ternary cathode materials prepared by hydrometallurgical technology for power batteries in China

Shi-wei, DU; Gao, Feng; Nie, Zuoren; Liu, Yu; Sun, Boxue; Gong, Xiaoxue

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130798

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, for the representativeness of the results, we focused on a single environmental impact category and selected the global warming potential (GWP) indicator, which is currently of great interest in the industry and has a strong correlation with policy and corporate economic interests. The relevant primary and regenerative process environmental data were obtained from our previous study, , literature review, and investigations of typical enterprises.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are core components of EVs and a major factor in determining the performance, cost, and environmental impact of a vehicle. , With the rapid growth in global demand, concerns have arisen about the availability of key raw metals for batteries, particularly lithium, nickel, and cobalt. − The recycling of spent power batteries is feasible and necessary from the perspectives of resource scarcity, environmental impact, and economic benefits. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Allocation Methods

Shi-wei

Gao

Nie

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are an important component of carbon neutrality in the transportation sector. The rapid growth of the LIB recycling industry is driven by various factors, such as resource scarcity. As a process interacting upstream and downstream, LIB recycling must consider the impact of the application of modeling approaches on the allocation of environmental benefits and burdens, especially at a time when carbon emissions are highly correlated with profit. In this study, seven allocation methods were chosen and applied to the production and multiple recycling process of typical LIB on the same data basis. The application of different allocation methods produced very disparate allocation results, and the conclusions of previous studies comparing the environmental performance of battery types need to be revisited. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) results should be interpreted with caution due to the impact of the allocation methods. Furthermore, a multi-indicator qualitative analysis based on product and process characteristics compares the applicability of the allocation methods to different aspects of LIB recycling. Relevant product standards for batteries should consider the characteristics of different methods and recommend a specific allocation method for the LCA community to employ in time to ensure that relevant studies are representative and comparable.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Allocation Methods

Shi-wei

Gao

Nie

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Even though there are recycling technologies for spent EV LIB treatment, these processes could affect the environment and health. Based on [ 96 ], a life cycle assessment of the hydrometallurgical method in a case study in China, highlighted qualitative results that the “endpoint impact categories”, global warming potential, and particulate matter formation potential have been contributors to damaging human health, and ecosystem quality. Nevertheless, the technologies presented were considered as net environmental benefits for reducing carbon emissions and human hazards and mitigating resource depletion, which leads to sustainable waste management [ 97 ].…”

Section: Current Treatment and Disposal Of Ev Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Future Perspective on Waste Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in Lao PDR: Current Status and Challenges

Noudeng

Quan

Xuan

2022

IJERPH

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a hot topic worldwide because they are not only the best alternative for energy storage systems but also have the potential for developing electric vehicles (EVs) that support greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and pollution prevention in the transport sector. However, the recent increase in EVs has brought about a rise in demand for LIBs, resulting in a substantial number of used LIBs. The end-of-life (EoL) of batteries is related to issues including, for example, direct disposal of toxic pollutants into the air, water, and soil, which threatens organisms in nature and human health. Currently, there is various research on spent LIB recycling and disposal, but there are no international or united standards for LIB waste management. Most countries have used a single or combination methodology of practices; for instance, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, direct recycling, full or partial combined recycling, and lastly, landfilling for unnecessary waste. However, EoL LIB recycling is not always easy for developing countries due to multiple limitations, which have been problems and challenges from the beginning and may reach into the future. Laos is one such country that might face those challenges and issues in the future due to the increasing trend of EVs. Therefore, this paper intends to provide a future perspective on EoL LIB management from EVs in Laos PDR, and to point out the best approaches for management mechanisms and sustainability without affecting the environment and human health. Significantly, this review compares the current EV LIB management between Laos, neighboring countries, and some developed countries, thereby suggesting appropriate solutions for the future sustainability of spent LIB management in the nation. The Laos government and domestic stakeholders should focus urgently on specific policies and regulations by including the extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme in enforcement.

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“…[17][18][19] Hydrometallurgical processes involve leaching metal ions from spent LIBs with a suitable acid or alkali in the presence of a reducing agent, and separating metal ions thereafter from the leaching solution by precipitation, ion exchange, extraction, salting out, electrochemistry, and other methods. 20,21 Zhao et al 22 developed an electrochemical approach to separate the cathode film from the Al substrate and simultaneously leach Li and transition metals from the cathode film in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , leaving behind the conductive carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride binder that are reusable. Luo et al 23 proposed a new type of DES formed from betaine hydrochloride and ethylene glycol (at a molar ratio of 1 : 5), which can efficiently leach metal elements from spent Ni-Co-Mn lithium (LNCM) batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%