“…In www.nature.com/scientificreports/ other words, this food production system can mitigate the environmental impacts of the abovementioned ICs, due to utilization of bio-waste (mushroom production waste and banana peels) to feed insects by turning something harmful for environment into compost. Previous studies on the LCA of chicken [4][5][6] , beef 2,3 , milk [40][41][42] , and crop production 43 have shown that the production of these protein sources has negative environmental effects on all investigated ICs. Moreover, negative environmental effects on some ICs, namely, ozone layer depletion, non-renewable energy, aquatic eutrophication, ionizing radiation, carcinogens, aquatic acidification, non-carcinogens, respiratory inorganics, respiratory organics, terrestrial acid/nutria, and global warming, have been observed.…”