Life cycle assessment of sintering process for carbon footprint and cost reduction: A comparative study for coke and biomass-derived sintering process

Jha, Gaurav; Soren, Shatrughan; Mehta, K D

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120889

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This can be achieved by optimizing the combustion process either through processing system improvements or utilizing more efficient technology, such as fluidized bed combustion [39]. Another way is to increase the energy density of the feed fuel by various pretreatment methods commonly used for biomass, such as briquetting [17,49] or fast pyrolysis [15]. Utilizing such improvements will further reduce the carbon footprint from higher heat utilization with similar levels of GHG emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to ISO 14040, an LCA study can cater to various categories of environmental impacts, including resource use, human health and ecological consequences [46], which is commonly used as a decision-making support tool despite its limitations [49,50]. In this study, the impact is limited to the carbon footprint with GHG emissions as the output of the study measured in CO 2 equivalent.…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Palm Kernel Shell in Ceramic Tile Production: Managerial Implications for Renewable Energy Usage

et al. 2022

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The palm oil industry is a promising biomass source, as the production generates wastes more than four times that of the main product. In 2020, for 45 MT of crude palm oil production in Indonesia, it was estimated that around 12 MT of palm kernel shell were generated or equivalent to 5.4 MTOE in net calorific value. This high calorific value of solid waste can be used by industries as a source of renewable energy, once it is proven to be technically, environmentally and economically feasible. In this comparative study, the life cycle assessment method was deployed to determine the environmental feasibility of palm kernel shell usage as an alternative renewable energy source to coal and natural gas in ceramic tile production through the application of combustion technology. The novelty of this study lies in a cradle-to-gate approach by comparing the carbon footprint of biomass from agriculture industrial waste with common fossil fuels as sources of energy for a highly energy-intensive industry. This research demonstrates that by evaluating the total life cycle of a fuel, the perspective on environmental impacts can be quite different when compared to looking solely at the end-use process. This study shows how the deployment of life cycle assessment would create managerial implications toward the decision making of fuel selection with carbon footprint considerations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Palm Kernel Shell in Ceramic Tile Production: Managerial Implications for Renewable Energy Usage

et al. 2022

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“…The iron ore sintering process is one of the most energy-intensive and pollutant-emitting processes in the steel process, with significantly higher SO 2 , NO x , CO, CO 2 and dioxin emissions and energy consumption per ton of product than the pelletizing process. Today, global warming is forcing countries and regions around the world to develop carbon emission policies to reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint 136) , and the steel industry is a key target in this process, and accordingly, the environmental pressure on iron ore sintering production is becoming increasingly severe 137) . Sinter is still the most important charge for blast furnace ironmaking in some regions, and it is not possible to reduce iron ore sintering capacity on a large scale in a short period of time, so the main challenge at the development aspect is how to carry out efficient and stable production with limited or even mandatory carbon emissions and energy consumption to ensure the supply of ironmaking process.…”

Section: 1: Development Of Iron Ore Sintering Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Ore Granulation for Sinter Production: Developments, Progress, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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Iron ore granulation is an indispensable process in the production of sinter that can influence and regulate the yield, efficiency and quality. Although a great deal of research has been done on the granulation process over the past decades, we still need to think about the current and future development of this process, as sinter is still an essential raw material for ironmaking blast furnace today. This paper begins with a review of particle agglomeration theory development for sintering granulation, followed by a summary of existing granulation evaluation methods and indexes. The roles of iron ore, fuel, fluxes, and moisture in sintering granulation are also analyzed, and finally advanced granulation equipment and processes for industrial production, as well as their applications, are summarized. Correspondingly, the challenges in sintering granulation field are proposed to include: (1) Development of iron ore sintering industry; (2) Ore blending optimization based on synergistic coupling of granulation and sintering; (3) Optimization of granulation process and equipment; (4) Methods and tools for granulation scientific research. These issues will be tackled and overcome in the future by both steel enterprises and academic researchers, generating suggestions for future development in the field of sintering granulation.

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“…Another option to include biomass in the production route of ferrochromium is the replacement of coke or coal during the sintering operation to agglomerate chromite fines, which was already investigated several times recently for the sintering of iron ore [123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] and the pelletizing of iron ore [34,35,48,54,119,135]. However, there are also difficulties to overcome when charcoal is used for sintering.…”

Section: Pre-reduction and Agglomeration Of Chromium Resources Using Bio-based Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing Fossil Carbon in the Production of Ferroalloys with a Focus on Bio-Based Carbon: A Review

Sommerfeld

Friedrich

2021

Minerals

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The production of ferroalloys and alloys like ferronickel, ferrochromium, ferromanganese, silicomanganese, ferrosilicon and silicon is commonly carried out in submerged arc furnaces. Submerged arc furnaces are also used to upgrade ilmenite by producing pig iron and a titania-rich slag. Metal containing resources are smelted in this furnace type using fossil carbon as a reducing agent, which is responsible for a large amount of direct CO2 emissions in those processes. Instead, renewable bio-based carbon could be a viable direct replacement of fossil carbon currently investigated by research institutions and companies to lower the CO2 footprint of produced alloys. A second option could be the usage of hydrogen. However, hydrogen has the disadvantages that current production facilities relying on solid reducing agents need to be adjusted. Furthermore, hydrogen reduction of ignoble metals like chromium, manganese and silicon is only possible at very low H2O/H2 partial pressure ratios. The present article is a comprehensive review of the research carried out regarding the utilization of bio-based carbon for the processing of the mentioned products. Starting with the potential impact of the ferroalloy industry on greenhouse gas emissions, followed by a general description of bio-based reducing agents and unit operations covered by this review, each following chapter presents current research carried out to produce each metal. Most studies focused on pre-reduction or solid-state reduction except the silicon industry, which instead had a strong focus on smelting up to an industrial-scale and the design of bio-based carbon for submerged arc furnace processes. Those results might be transferable to other submerged arc furnace processes as well and could help to accelerate research to produce other metals. Deviations between the amount of research and scale of tests for the same unit operation but different metal resources were identified and closer cooperation could be helpful to transfer knowledge from one area to another. Life cycle assessment to produce ferronickel and silicon already revealed the potential of bio-based reducing agents in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, but was not carried out for other metals until now.

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Life cycle assessment of sintering process for carbon footprint and cost reduction: A comparative study for coke and biomass-derived sintering process

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Palm Kernel Shell in Ceramic Tile Production: Managerial Implications for Renewable Energy Usage

A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Palm Kernel Shell in Ceramic Tile Production: Managerial Implications for Renewable Energy Usage

Iron Ore Granulation for Sinter Production: Developments, Progress, and Challenges

Replacing Fossil Carbon in the Production of Ferroalloys with a Focus on Bio-Based Carbon: A Review

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