Life Cycle Assessment of Various PMSG-Based Drivetrain Concepts for 15 MW Offshore Wind Turbines Applications

Moghadam, Farid Khazaeli; Desch, Nils

doi:10.3390/en16031499

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To this end, suggested a mapping between the damage index and operating conditions (wind speed, turbulence intensity, and power set point) based on turbine-level simulations and a quasistatic degradation model. High-fidelity physics-based (state-space models of varying degrees of complexity with constant/time-variant lumped parameters (Moghadam et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021;Moghadam and Desch, 2023), multi-body (Peeters et al, 2006) and finite element (Hart et al, 2020), and data-driven (random forest; Azzam et al, 2022) models and artificial neural network (Azzam et al, 2021) have been used in the literature to estimate loads on powertrain components, but the overall complexity sets a limit to their applicability. Higher fidelity would also be beneficial regarding the effect of wake on powertrain, especially when wake flow impacts only part of the downstream turbine's rotor as has been identified by van Binsbergen et al (2020) using FAST.Farm simulations featuring the dynamic wake meandering model were carried out by Madsen et al (2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yaw misalignment in powertrain degradation modeling for wind farm control in curtailed conditions

Khazaeli Moghadam,

Gao,

Chabaud

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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A framework characterizing the degradation of wind turbines for use in multiple-input damage-aware farm control is suggested. The focus is on the fatigue damage of the powertrain (drivetrain + generator) system, but the methodology may be extended to other components. A database of steady-state damage analyses for different operating conditions (average wind speeds, turbulence levels, power demands, and yaw misalignment angles) using aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations is first generated. Then, a weighted damage index based on probabilistic long-term fatigue damage analysis of the powertrain system components is suggested and used to represent degradation at the farm level for control purposes. The focus is on curtailed conditions where the farm controller dispatches power commands to individual turbines in order to track a demanded power reference (rather than seeking to maximize power) at the farm level. As a secondary objective, the controller seeks to mitigate degradation through a smart combination of power commands and yaw offset angles, making use of the weighted degradation index. The potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study on the TotalControl Reference Wind Power Plant in a FLORIS-based simulation framework. The proposed farm controller is compared with the conventional one without damage mitigation feature and with damage mitigation but without yaw angle as the control input. It is found that combining yawing and downregulation effectively slows down degradation on the main bearing and powertrain as a whole.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yaw misalignment in powertrain degradation modeling for wind farm control in curtailed conditions

Khazaeli Moghadam,

Gao,

Chabaud

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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“…FWT structural details extreme dynamics as well as fatigue damage known to exhibit complex nonlinear cross-correlated nature 4 . FWT drivetrain dynamics of a 750KW spar type FWT has been analysed in 5 – 8 , for more details on FWT drivetrain design, see 9 – 12 . FWT drivetrains typically being subjected to more volatile load uncertainties, compared to those of land-based turbines, due to more complex offshore-environmental wind-wave loading nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floating wind turbines structural details fatigue life assessment

Gaidai,

Yakimov,

Wang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Fatigue damage prediction is essential for safety of contemporary offshore energy industrial projects, like offshore wind turbines, that are to be designed for sufficiently long operational period of time, with minimal operational disruptions. Offshore structures being designed to withstand environmental loadings due to winds and waves. Due to accumulated fatigue damage, offshore wind floating turbines may develop material cracks in their critical locations sooner than expected. Dataset needed for an accurate assessment of fatigue damage may be produced by either extensive numerical modeling, or direct measurements. However, in reality, temporal length of the underlying dataset being typically too short to provide an accurate calculation of direct fatigue damage and fatigue life. Hence, the objective of this work is to contribute to the development of novel fatigue assessment methods, making better use of limited underlying dataset. In this study, in-situ environmental conditions were incorporated to assess offshore FWT tower base stresses; then structural cumulative fatigue damage has been assessed. Novel deconvolution extrapolation method has been introduced in this study, and it was shown to be able to accurately predict long-term fatigue damage. The latter technique was validated, using artificially reduced dataset, and resulted in fatigue damage that was shown to be close to the damage, calculated from the full original underlying dataset. Recommended method has been shown to utilize available dataset much more efficiently, compared to direct fatigue estimation. Accurate fatigue assessment of offshore wind turbine structural characteristics is essential for structural reliability, design, and operational safety.

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“…The CRAFT has an active stall control effectuated by controlling the generators torque which will control the speed of the generator given that the generator is designed for high peak torque [12]. A comparison between direct drive solutions and generators with different gearboxes can be found in [13] [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Simulation study of 40 MW PM Generator for the CRAFT

Simonsson,

Eriksson,

Bernhoff

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Design studies of two counter rotating permanent magnet (PM) synchronous generators have been performed. The two 40 MW generators have been designed and compared for the Counter Rotating Axis Floating Turbine (CRAFT) with different air-gap diameters. The generators are modelled with validated full physics finite element method (FEM) which also includes dynamic simulations. The simulations are performed by using an electromagnetic model. The model is described by combined field and circuit equations and is solved in a finite element environment. The stator winding of the generators consists of circular cables and the rotor consists of buried ferrite PM. The generator with smaller air-gap diameter will have lower material costs due to smaller frame but higher due to use of more active materials. A comparison of the counter rotating generators with a traditional direct drive has also been performed by maintaining the same voltage but reducing the rotational speed by half. This shows that a generator with a higher rotational speed will have lower material costs due to smaller dimensions and lower weight. Furthermore, a design variation, to reduce the cogging and harmonic content of the voltage by changing the pole shoe, was analyzed. In conclusions, a 40 MW generator design for the CRAFT has successfully been simulated with a multi-physics-FEM. The advantages of using a counter-rotating generator has been established.

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Life Cycle Assessment of Various PMSG-Based Drivetrain Concepts for 15 MW Offshore Wind Turbines Applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Yaw misalignment in powertrain degradation modeling for wind farm control in curtailed conditions

Yaw misalignment in powertrain degradation modeling for wind farm control in curtailed conditions

Floating wind turbines structural details fatigue life assessment

Design and Simulation study of 40 MW PM Generator for the CRAFT

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