Life cycle carbon emissions of two residential buildings in China: Comparison and uncertainty analysis of different assessment methods

Zhang, Xiaocun; Liu, Kaihua; Zhang, Zihua

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122037

Cited by 84 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This phenomenon is related to gas emissions, particularly those from the building sector. Several regulations have been proposed to reduce the environmental impact of construction, by increasing building energy efficiency [1][2][3]. In France, the thermal regulations (RT2012 and RE2020) prescribe the construction of building envelopes with low air tightness [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Aging Effects on the Hygrothermal Behaviour of Hemp Concrete: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

et al. 2021

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In this article, both numerical and experimental investigations were carried out on the durability of hemp concrete. For this, an accelerated aging process was performed using cycles of immersion, freezing and drying. Then, an experimental campaign was enabled to determine heat and mass transfer properties, as well as the microstructure for both aged and reference materials. Observations using a digital microscope showed the appearance of cracks at the interfaces and an increase of the porosity of about 6%. These microstructural modifications imply a non-negligible evolution of heat and mass transfer properties. Thus, a numerical model for the prediction of heat and mass transfer was developed. The prediction of physical phenomena was computed using both aged and reference material properties. It highlights the aging effects on the behaviour of the hemp concrete. The numerical simulation results showed significant discrepancies between the predicted relative humidity values for the two configurations (aged and reference) of about 18% and a maximum phase shift of 40 min, due to the amplification of the mass transfer kinetics after aging. Nevertheless, few deviations in temperature values were found. Thus, after aging, sensible heat fluxes were overestimated compared to the reference case, unlike latent heat fluxes, where an underestimation was shown.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Aging Effects on the Hygrothermal Behaviour of Hemp Concrete: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

et al. 2021

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“…Uncertainty analyses are important considerations when formulating CO 2 emissions inventories [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. As shown in Figure 2 , we established the framework of uncertainty analyses for the qualitative evaluation of the uncertainty of IP CO 2 emission inventories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Emissions Inventory and Its Uncertainty Analysis of China’s Industrial Parks: A Case Study of the Maanshan Economic and Technological Development Area

Zhang

Liu

Dong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The Chinese government has pledged to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Industrial parks are the key to achieving the carbon peak and neutrality in industrial sectors. Establishing the CO2 emissions inventory is the first step to achieve the carbon peak in industrial parks. In this study, a comprehensive CO2 emissions inventory was established for industrial parks, including three parts: energy consumption, industrial process, and waste disposal. We considered scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions and established an uncertainty analysis framework. Accordingly, scope 1 covered the emissions within the park boundary, scope 2 emissions covered those resulting from electricity and heat usage inside the boundary, and scope 3 included those indirect emissions beyond the boundary. The Maanshan Economic and Technological Development Area (MDA), a typical booming national eco-industrial park of China, was chosen for this case study. The results showed that the MDA CO2 emissions increased yearly, from 376,836.57 tons in 2016 to 772,170.93 tons in 2021. From the industrial structure perspective, heavy industry contributed the highest emissions. By dividing the emissions into scope 1, 2, and 3, scope 2 could be identified as the largest emissions source. In addition, we conducted inventory uncertainty analyses incorporated by activity levels, emissions factors, and unspecific factors. Overall, these results may promote the establishment of greenhouse gas accounting standards for Chinese industrial parks.

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“…Scholars have developed process-based method, input–output method, and hybrid method for the emission assessment of buildings [ 65 ]. Process-based method combines activity data with relevant emission factors to assess the emissions and has been widely used in the analysis of individual buildings [ 66 ]. Therefore, the process-based method was chosen to calculate the carbon emissions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Thermal Insulation Thickness for a Container House in the Yanqing Zone of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

Tong

Yang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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A large number of temporary housings (THs) were used in the Yanqing zone of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Taking a kind of container house (CH) used in Yanqing zone as a model, the objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of insulation thickness on heating energy consumption and corresponding carbon emission. The effect of service life of THs on economic thickness was also discussed. The simulation model was developed using EnergyPlus and the heating energy consumption with different insulation materials was simulated based on the meteorological parameters of the top of Xiaohaituo Mountain (2177.5 m) and the Olympic/Paralympic Village (950 m) in Yanqing zone. In the simulation process, the thermal insulation performance of the CH was enhanced with reference to the requirements of GB/T 51350-2019 Technical Standard for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) on one hand. Additionally, the insulation performance was evaluated in terms of payback period and carbon emission. On the other hand, the economic thickness of different insulation materials (rock wool (RW), extruded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane (PU)) and the high performance vacuum insulation panel (HVIP)) for different service lives of CH was studied. Results show that the U-values of the envelope meeting the NZEB standard can decrease approximately 21.4–32.8% of the heating energy consumption, compared with the original envelope. When the service life of CH is extended to 20 years, the carbon emission is reduced by 18.5% and 29.5%. The payback period of HVIP is longest, up to 31.4 a, and the results of economic thickness show that when the service life of the CH ranges from 1 year to 20 years, the economic thickness range of RW is 47–235 mm, XPS is 41–197 mm, PU is 33–149 mm and HVIP is 4–18 mm at the altitude of 2177.5 m. At the altitude of 950 m, the economic thickness range of RW is 28–158 mm, XPS is 26–131 mm, PU is 25–118 mm, and HVIP is 2–12 mm. From an economic point of view, the service life of a CH has a significant impact on the choice of insulation thickness.

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Life cycle carbon emissions of two residential buildings in China: Comparison and uncertainty analysis of different assessment methods

Cited by 84 publications

References 65 publications

Accelerated Aging Effects on the Hygrothermal Behaviour of Hemp Concrete: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

Accelerated Aging Effects on the Hygrothermal Behaviour of Hemp Concrete: Experimental and Numerical Investigations

CO2 Emissions Inventory and Its Uncertainty Analysis of China’s Industrial Parks: A Case Study of the Maanshan Economic and Technological Development Area

Analysis of Thermal Insulation Thickness for a Container House in the Yanqing Zone of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

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