Life Cycle Carbon Footprint of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate from Coconut Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, and Petroleum-Based Paraffins

Abstract

Beyond renewable liquid transportation fuels from biomass feedstocks, there is great interest to use renewable feedstocks for sustainable chemical production. The goal of this study is to conduct an original cradle-to-grave carbon footprint for linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) using petroleum, coconut oil, and palm kernel oil derived paraffins, and including end of life emissions during wastewater treatment. The fully petroleum pathway to LAS was modeled using new inputs from industry (UOP). Mass allocation and energy allocation methodologies were both examined. We found that the greenhouse gas emissions from the production of LAS can be reduced between 45 and 50% by replacing petroleum based paraffins with coconut or palm kernel oil derived paraffins. End of life emissions of CO2 during biodegradation in wastewater treatment was a major contributor to and differentiator of emissions in the carbon footprint. Direct land use change (dLUC) emissions of CO2 were modeled using the IPCC method and were found to decrease life cycle emissions by at most 12% when either grasslands or shrublands are converted to either coconut or palm plantations.

Durability enhanced ionic liquid catalyst for Friedel–Crafts reaction between benzene and 1-dodecene: insight into catalyst deactivation

“…The injection temperature was at 300 °C. 3 [TFSI]/AlCl3 ionic liquids showed biphasic behavior. Typically, a certain amount of AlCl3 can be homogeneously dissolved in this kind of ionic liquids up to the lower limit of biphasic regime.…”

“…Synthetic detergents made from branched alkyl benzene (BAB) have been widely applied in all sorts of areas in our daily life. [1][2][3][4] However, the increasing usage of detergent leads to branched alkyl benzene sulfonate (BAS) accumulation and environmental contamination. Generally, it is known that synthetic detergent made from linear alkyl benzene (LAB) has better biodegradability than that made from BAB or natural soap.…”

Gate‐to‐gate life cycle assessment of biosurfactants and bioplasticizers production via biotechnological exploitation of fats and waste oils

“…Until today the number of LCA studies performed for the production of surfactants has been limited, while LCA assessments are mainly focused on their application as detergents and cleaning products. [36][37][38][39][40] Although there is still not a widely accepted definition for 'green surfactants', or else 'biosurfactants', for practical reasons, most of the time, biosurfactants are described as substances of biological origin. 41 For example, in their study Guilbot et al 37 explored the case of an alkyl polyglucoside (APG), composed of cetearyl glucoside and cetearyl alcohol derived from palm kernel oil.…”

Hemimorphite Flotation with 1-hydroxydodecylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and Its Mechanism

“…Medusa was adopted to evaluate the concentration of Zn or Si species from hemimorphite as a function of pH; the plot is presented in Figure 10. It demonstrated that in acidic solutions, Zn 2+ ions dominate in water, and under pH > 11.5, Zn species mainly exists as Zn(OH) 2 Under pH 7.0-11.0, HDDPA mainly exists as HDDPA 3− species in aqueous solutions, Zn(OH)2 and ZnSiO3 might be the main Zn species on hemimorphite surfaces, and some ZnOH + species would be adsorbed on to hemimorphite surfaces. Therefore, HDDPA 3− might react with Zn(II) species of hemimorphite surfaces to form Zn(II)-HDDPA surface complexes.…”

“…These changes are prerequisites to froth flotation, which is the most principal process for enrichment and separation of value minerals from their ores [1][2][3][4][5]. In froth flotation, a collector (one kind of surfactant) selectively attaches to a target mineral using its minerophilic group, and then its hydrophobic group attaches to air/nitrogen bubbles which delivers the mineral particles to the slurry interface [6,7].…”