Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm: Kudat Malaysia Case

Alsubal, Shamsan; Alaloul, Wesam Salah; Shawn, Eu Lim; Liew, M. S.; Palaniappan, Pavitirakumar; Musarat, Muhammad Ali

doi:10.3390/su13147943

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Consequently, the market value of secondary gravel, scrap aluminum, scrap copper, and cullet from decommissioning wind power plants will amount to EUR 124.6 million in 2021 prices from 2044 to 2059. The assessment of the waste streams and the market values of the recovered materials coincide with the literature (IRENA [2] and Alsubal et al [9]). However, Invernizzi et al [10] indicate that the decommissioning assessments for RES are staggering as of 2020.…”

Section: Decommissioning Estimationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Wind and Solar Power Plant End-of-Life Equipment: Prospects for Management in Ukraine

et al. 2022

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The Ukrainian renewable energy sector has demonstrated a significant increase in its renewable power capacity, especially for solar and wind power plants. Decommissioning the end-of-life equipment in Ukraine has not yet taken place, but it is only a matter of time. With this in mind, this paper assesses the quantities and the market values of the materials that could potentially be recovered from used solar and wind power plants, and it estimates the impact of their decommissioning on employment in Ukraine. It has been estimated that approximately 8.9 GW of solar power plants, and 3.6 GW of wind power plants, will be decommissioned from 2044 to 2059, and that the cost of the raw materials recovered could reach EUR 421.4 million and EUR 124.6 million in 2021 prices, respectively, compared to the decommissioning costs of EUR 240.1 million and EUR 49.1 million, respectively. Decommissioning renewable power plants will require the creation of new jobs, including 11.6 thousand in the solar industry, and 2.8 thousand in the wind sector. It is essential to amend the legislation in Ukraine, particularly Directive 2012/19/EU, to introduce the principle of the extended producer responsibility to ensure the efficient recycling of renewable power plant end-of-life equipment in Ukraine in the future.

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Section: Decommissioning Estimationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Wind and Solar Power Plant End-of-Life Equipment: Prospects for Management in Ukraine

et al. 2022

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“…The OPEX (C5) and DECEX (C6) costs are calculated using a £/MW estimate costs [8], [19]: 𝐶5 = (𝐶 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 𝐶 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 )𝑃 𝑊𝐹 + 𝐶 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 + 𝐶4) 𝐶6 = (𝐶 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚 + 𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 )𝑃 𝑊𝐹 𝐶 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 , are indirect maintenance costs such as vessel hire and coordination of providing a repair service. 𝐶 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 , are directly related costs to replace the failed components and technicians.…”

Section: Figure 1 Methodology Flow Chartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The O&M model uses the probability of a failure to occur for different components, determining both corrective and preventative maintenance costs. Similar methods for O&M calculation were used in S. Alsubal, et al, [19].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alsubal et al, [19] has an in depth explanation of formulations used to find cost data for floating offshore wind, while also utilising the Weibull Probability Density Function (PDF) to determine the Annual Energy Production. Contributions in terms of percentage of total cost are presented alongside the $/MW for each individual cost element.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Flexible, Multi-fidelity Levelised Cost of Energy Model for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Multidisciplinary Design, Analysis and Optimisation Approaches

Sykes

Collu

Coraddu

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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As the UK takes a step towards a greener, cleaner future aiming to be net zero by 2050, continuous development of the power network is required. A clear solution is offshore wind, having already proved its feasibility and success in nearshore sites. However, a large majority of near shore sites in the UK are already being utilised. The next step is to move into deeper waters and utilise the stronger, more consistent wind resources. A solution could be floating offshore wind which is still in its infancy, with only a few operational floating wind farms installed. Building upon the multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimisation framework (MDAO) for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) being developed at the University of Strathclyde, called FEDORA, the aim of this work is to refine the LCoE model adopted by FEDORA, and applying it to perform the optimisation of the floating offshore OC3 SPAR. There is limited data on cost, therefore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park will be used as a basis for the LCoE model, allowing the results to be validated. This model is not restricted to SPARs, as it establishes a general methodology to calculate the life cycle cost of floating offshore wind farms. Utilising the improved cost model this work finds four optimised SPAR structures for four different maximum angles of inclination which can be experienced in the wind turbines operation. The improved cost model has a much higher accuracy, highlighting the initial cost model underestimates the cost of the SPAR structure by around half.

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“…There are two monsoon seasons in Malaysia: one coming from the southwest from May to September and the other from the northeast from November to March. This study introduces a new design of a multi-purpose floating offshore wind turbine platform to be installed in Kudat, Malaysia, as it has feasible wind energy [37]. The structure was designed in a cost-effective manner and is stable enough to accommodate three wind turbines and more than 3000 square meters of solar panels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Design and Dynamic Response of Multi-Purpose Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform: Part 1

Alsubal

Liew

Shawn

2022

JMSE

Self Cite

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Floating offshore wind turbine foundations are based on platforms operated by the oil and gas industry. However, they are designed and optimized to meet the wind turbines’ operating criteria. Although Malaysia is considered a low-wind-speed country, there are some locations facing the South China Sea that are found to be feasible for wind energy harnessing. The average daily wind speed may reach up to 15 m/s. Therefore, designing a cost-effective platform that can operate in Malaysian waters which has less severe environmental conditions compared to the North Sea would be a prudent undertaking. In this study, a new design of a multi-purpose floating offshore wind turbine platform (Mocha-TLP) is presented. In addition, the dynamic response of the platform to wave loads was investigated using the Navier–Stokes code STAR CCM+ developed by CD-adapco. Moreover, free-oscillation tests were performed to determine the natural periods of the platform. Three approaching wave cases and two wave conditions (WC) were considered. The results show that the natural periods of the platforms were within the recommended range for pitch, roll, yaw, heave, sway and surge motions. The platform was stable in rotational motion within the three cases. However, it experienced a noticeable surge motion which was more critical with wave condition one (WC1) since the wavelength equalled the length of the structure. The dynamic response of the platform to wave loads wase minimal and within the operational requirements for wind turbines.

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Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm: Kudat Malaysia Case

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Wind and Solar Power Plant End-of-Life Equipment: Prospects for Management in Ukraine

Wind and Solar Power Plant End-of-Life Equipment: Prospects for Management in Ukraine

A Flexible, Multi-fidelity Levelised Cost of Energy Model for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Multidisciplinary Design, Analysis and Optimisation Approaches

Preliminary Design and Dynamic Response of Multi-Purpose Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform: Part 1

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