Life cycle impact assessment of the average passenger vehicle in the Netherlands

Opportunistic versus life-cycle-oriented decision making in multi-loop recovery: an eco-eco study on disposed vehicles

“…Castro et al (2003) find, in line with previous studies, that the largest environmental impact of the passenger vehicle's life cycle occurs in the use phase-over 90%-due to the combustion and depletion of fossil fuels. But, important to this paper: also in the other life-cycle phases, the use of fossil fuels is the dominant impact, even for the production phase.…”

“…Confidential data are left out. For comparison and validation, data on cars were checked with Castro et al (2003), Ferrao and Amaral (2006), Schultman et al (2006), Spielmann and Althaus (2007). In sensitivity, analysis data are adjusted for either uncertainty in some parameters or expected future developments.…”

Land use planning in Ireland—a life cycle energy analysis of recent residential development in the Greater Dublin Area

“…Research by Castro et al (2003) suggests that direct fuel consumption represents approximately 95% of the total life cycle energy requirements of a car and the results were adjusted accordingly. In the absence of equivalent life cycle assessment literature for other modes of transport, this figure was also applied to buses, trains, vans, trucks and motorbikes.…”

The optimization of recycling: Integrating the resource, technological, and life cycles

“…Figure 1 summarizes the research activities by the authors to optimize the resource cycle, which covers dynamic system modeling as well as process development and the development of fundamental theory to describe the processes and systems presented in various publications listed in this paper. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Also, a close link to design and environmental engineers makes it possible to model all the complex interactions suggested by Figure 1. All these activities are done in close collaboration with industry.…”