Life Cycle Inventories of Transport Services: Background Data for Freight Transport (10 pp)

Spielmann, Michael; Scholz, Roland

doi:10.1065/lca2004.10.181.10

Cited by 152 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The use phase was modelled as operation of a diesel truck of EURO 5 emission standard [44]. Energy use and emissions during the reference life time distance of 1 000 000 km were allocated to the truck roof assuming a linear relationship between weight and fuel consumption, resulting in a fuel consumption of 7.5 10 -6 l km -1 kg -1 material (which is close to the values estimated by [2]).…”

Section: Use Phasementioning

confidence: 60%

A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

et al. 2015

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Weight reduction is commonly adopted in vehicle design as a means for energy and emissions savings. However, selection of lightweight materials is often focused on performance characteristics, which may lead to sub optimizations of life cycle environmental impact. Therefore systematic material selection processes are needed that integrate weight optimization and environmental life cycle assessment. This paper presents such an approach and its application to design of an automotive component. Materials from the metal, hybrid and polymer families were assessed, along with a novel self-reinforced composite material that is a potential lightweight alternative to nonrecyclable composites. It was shown that materials offering the highest weight saving potential offer limited life cycle environmental benefit due to energy demanding manufacturing. Selection of the preferable alternative is not a straightforward process since results may be sensitive to critical but uncertain aspects of the life cycle. Such aspects need to be evaluated to determine the actual benefits of lightweight design and to base material selection on more informed choices.

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Section: Use Phasementioning

confidence: 60%

A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

et al. 2015

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“…For machinery specifically related to willow production, not contained in the ecoinvent databases, other sources of data were used (Lechasseur & Savoie, 2005; Association D'initiatives Locales Pour L'energie at L 'environnement, 2007). Data on tractor and trailer manufacture and use come from the ecoinvent database (Spielmann et al, 2007). Most of the air emissions from biomass supply chains are due to the combustion of fossil fuels in machinery engines, and measurement of these emissions in nonlaboratory conditions is difficult (Hansson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Inventory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data used in calculating the environmental impact of transport vehicles come from the ecoinvent database (Spielmann et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with the production of short rotation willow (Salix sp.) chip in Ireland

2013

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Willow Salix sp. is currently cultivated as a short rotation forestry crop in Ireland as a source of biomass to contribute to renewable energy goals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with willow (Salix sp.) cultivation, harvest, and transport using life cycle assessment (LCA). In this study, only emissions from the production of the willow chip are included, end-use emissions from combustion are not considered. In this LCA study, three impact categories are considered; acidification potential, eutrophication potential and global warming potential. In addition, the cumulative energy demand and energy ratio of the system are evaluated. The results identify three key processes in the production chain which contribute most to all impact categories considered; maintenance, harvest and transportation of the crop. Sensitivity analysis on the type of fertilizers used, harvesting technologies and transport distances highlights the effects of these management techniques on overall system performance. Replacement of synthetic fertilizer with biosolids results in a reduction in overall energy demand, but raises acidification potential, eutrophication potential and global warming potential. Rod harvesting compares unfavourably in comparison with direct chip harvesting in each of the impact categories considered due to the additional chipping step required. The results show that dedicated truck transport is preferable to tractor-trailer transport in terms of energy demand and environmental impacts. Finally, willow chip production compares favourably with coal provision in terms of energy ratio and global warming potential, while achieving a higher energy ratio than peat provision but also a higher global warming potential.

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“…The amount of CO 2 emissions per pkm are calculated as being 69 grCO 2 pkm -1 . Similarly, Spielman and Scholz (2005) found that the operation phase corresponds to about 70% of the cycle CO 2 emissions. The construction and the maintenance correspond to about 20% of CO 2 emissions and the remaining 10% is attributed to vehicle manufacturing.…”

Section: Lca Of Rail Infrastructure Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic Approach for Estimating Carbon Emissions of Road and Rail Transport Systems

Dimoula

Kehagia

Anastasios

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Environmental issues have become of crucial importance in the transport sector. Transport is the second biggest greenhouse gas emitting sector after energy and is responsible for 25% of the EU's total emissions. The challenges posed by climate change have added to the urgency for developing low-carbon transportation. In this paper, estimation of greenhouse gas emissions was conducted over the construction and the operation of the main road and rail axes infrastructure in Greece. The objective of this analysis is to better understand the significance of these emissions and their possible influence on designing optimal routes in order to achieve long-term greenhouse gas reductions from transport. The present study shows that the environmental impact due to the highway construction is smaller than that of the railway construction. However, the railway system operation is more environmentally friendly than the highway operation.

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Life Cycle Inventories of Transport Services: Background Data for Freight Transport (10 pp)

Cited by 152 publications

References 5 publications

A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

Energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with the production of short rotation willow (Salix sp.) chip in Ireland

A Holistic Approach for Estimating Carbon Emissions of Road and Rail Transport Systems

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