Life Cycle Inventory for Pavements - A Case Study of South Africa

Blaauw, Sheldon A.; Maina, James; Grobler, Louis J.

doi:10.1016/j.treng.2021.100049

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is seen that rehabilitation provides a better option for the lowest carbon emission. However, it is still difficult to conclude it as the preferred option due to lack of consideration of social and economic impacts, which are key to achieving holistic sustainability [6]. It can also be seen from Figure 2 that the EOL phase is the lowest for each of the design options.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LCA has been employed to evaluate the environmental impact of infrastructure by researchers such as Stripple [3], Wang et al [4], Anastasiou et al [5], and Blaauw and Maina [6]. Santero and Horvath [7] assert that the impacts of pavements extend beyond mere material extraction and production and that the pavement life cycle encompasses five crucial phases: materials, construction, usage, maintenance, and disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life cycle assessment of pavement construction: A case study

Koh,

Tokbolat,

Blaauw

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Road construction is often associated with carbon emissions from direct and indirect sources, primarily due to construction and maintenance activities. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) benchmarks to evaluate flexible composite pavement, fully flexible pavement and pavement rehabilitation options under various ground conditions. The objective of this study is to investigate the environmental impact associated with different pavement designs over a 60-year analysis period, comprising a 40-year basic design period with maintenance extended up to 60 years. This research paper encompasses a literature review on pavement LCA and conducts and LCA on various pavement design and construction options, following the ISO 14040 framework and PAS 2080 methodology. The LCA in this study specifically focuses on material production, transportation, construction, maintenance, and end-of-life phases. Using global warming potential as an environmental indicator, the study calculates and compares a range of potential impacts for each component. In terms of carbon emissions, the rehabilitation option was found to be most favourable when compared to other full-depth reconstruction options, while the flexible composite pavement option exhibited the highest carbon emission value compared to other pavement build-ups assessed. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify ‘hotspots’ in the study, which increase the confidence level of the results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of pavement construction: A case study

Koh,

Tokbolat,

Blaauw

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Resilience refers to the capacity to fully recover from an unforeseen circumstance or occurrence, as well as the degree of disturbance that a system can tolerate before altering the variables and processes that govern its behavior [22,23]: it increases people's quality of life [24] and people's proper access to resources [25]. Higher resilience levels help society recover from dangerous situations [13] and takes society towards sustainability [26]; however, if environmental and social conditions are not considered, efforts to achieve sustainability are incomplete [27][28][29]. Resilience is understood to be the systems' and the risk-exposed cities' prospective capacity to adjust to or resist change to reach or sustain an adequate level of performance and structure [30,31] where risk and uncertainties are growing.…”

Section: Literature Review 21 the Concept Of Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators Affecting the Urban Resilience with a Scenario Approach in Tehran Metropolis

et al. 2022

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Urban resilience refers to the capacity of an urban system to fully recover from unforeseen calamities. This study aims to assess the physical resilience indicators used to measure urban resilience in Tehran, the political and economic capital of Iran, and to pinpoint the most significant direct and indirect influences on urban resilience. The research process divided into two parts. The environmental scanning approach (reviewing papers and published sources, interviewing specialists, and monitoring conferences) and the literature review were employed in the first part to compile a database of the key information on the elements impacting physical resilience. The most significant factors impacting physical resilience over the next ten years were requested to be identified by specialists and intellectuals in the second part. Finally, the MicMac program was used to analyze the data after 29 variables were specified in Delphi. In light of the trace-analysis-dependence diagram, which depicts the instability of the influential factors and the persistence of their impact on other variables, the results demonstrate that Tehran’s physical resilience is in an unstable condition. According to the results, the factors that have the maximum impact on other variables are granularity drivers, emergency evacuation capacity, rescue and security spaces (emergency, fire station, and police station), impermeability, rate of the amendment and retrofitting measures in the buildings of each zone, building age, and the compatibility of land uses. The variables that are most susceptible to change from other variables include the distribution status of dangerous land uses, the quality of the buildings, the rate of historically vulnerable buildings, the vulnerability of internal and external roads, the rate of improvements and retrofitting measures in buildings in each zone, as well as historically vulnerable historical buildings.

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“…The evaluation criteria were identified from peer reviewed academic literature and supplemented by other literature, which is accepted practice. Another approach to consider for robust evaluation criteria is using the International Standard Organisation's (ISO) documentation [65]. In the absence of an ISO standard which addresses resilience to climate change, evaluation criteria from ISO 14,090:2019-Adapting to climate change [66] could be used to provide a range of evaluation criteria [67].…”

Section: Resilience Characteristics and Evaluation Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Climate Change Resilience of Urban Road Network Strategies

et al. 2022

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The impacts of the changing climate have caused extensive disruption to the road network in the United Kingdom in recent years. Roads are vital for economic growth and social wellbeing, and a disruption to the network can have disastrous consequences. Since the impacts of climate change will be felt at regional and local levels, it is the responsibility of local highway authorities to establish effective policies to strengthen the resilience of their section of the road network. This report uses the West Midlands as a case study and aims to evaluate its regional highway network management strategies, to determine the extent to which they promote resilience to climate change. Recommendations and findings from other literature are used to establish a set of evaluation criteria to compare the maturity of highway network management strategies for the West Midlands region. The evaluation of the policy documents is used to rank the maturity of the strategies, and recommendations are made to local authorities to highlight where the strategies could be improved. The analysis highlights the fragmentation and disparity between highways strategies across the region and consequently the vulnerability of the region to climate change.

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Life Cycle Inventory for Pavements - A Case Study of South Africa

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Life cycle assessment of pavement construction: A case study

Life cycle assessment of pavement construction: A case study

Indicators Affecting the Urban Resilience with a Scenario Approach in Tehran Metropolis

Evaluation of Climate Change Resilience of Urban Road Network Strategies

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