Life cycle inventory processes of the integrated steel plant (ISP) in Krakow, Poland—coke production, a case study

Abstract

Purpose The goal of this paper is to describe the life cycle inventory (LCI) approach to the cokemaking process in the Integrated Steel Plant's Coke Oven Battery (ISPCOB) in Kraków, Poland. The system boundaries were labeled as gate-to-gate, covering the full chain process of coke production. The background input and output data from the coke production process (CPP) has been inventoried. Methods The functional unit (FU) was produced of 1 Mg of the coke in ISPCOB. The following inputs and outputs have been taken into account in the LCI study: product (coke), all intermediate products, by-products, and emissions. Raw fuel mining and means of external transportation of natural gas, manufacture of downstream products, their use, end of life, and infrastructure were not included. Time coverage is 2004, because since 2005, robust inventory data coverage of full ISP coke processes are lacking. Data used for inventory calculation are affected by uncertainty.Results and discussion With regard to 1 Mg of coke produced in ISPCOB in 2004, the consumption of coke coal and coke oven gas amounted to 1.35 Mg and 195 m 3 , respectively. The main materials, fuels, and energy used for the coke production were electric energy, steam, air, heat, and industrial water. Emissions of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , aliphatic hydrocarbons, HCN, H 2 S,

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