Life cycle or patriarchy? Gender divisions in family farming

Whatmore, Sarah

doi:10.1016/0743-0167(91)90043-r

Cited by 95 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Writers on gender in the farming context began to unsettle the privileged position of men by considering the marginalised position of women in patriarchal farming systems resulting from unequal gender divisions of labour and the contribution of farm women to the rural economy with particular emphasis on how farm women cope with processes of change and the diversity of their identities (Whatmore 1991;Shortall 1992Shortall , 1999Alston 1995). This body of work brought gender to the 'centre of discourse' (Brandth 1995, p. 123), thus allowing a better understanding of gender relations, particularly the unequal distribution of power between farm men and farm women (Berlan-Darque and Gasson 1991;Shortall 1992) and the ways in which women are marginalised (Alston 1995).…”

Section: A Literature Review Of Rural Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Masculinities in the Rural and the Agricultural: A Literature Review

Coldwell

2009

Sociologia Ruralis

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This article provides a summary of social science studies at the nexus of masculinity and the rural, particularly the agricultural. These studies began to emerge in the rural social science literature in 1995, when Berit Brandth pioneered the study of masculinities and farming practices in Norway. The studies reviewed here are particularly important as they begin to focus on men and masculinities in the rural and the agricultural, categories that previously had been the assumed, yet invisible subject of rural studies. The studies also link masculinity to farming practices in a number of ways that clearly have implications for the future of farming in terms of ecological crises across social, economic and environmental rural landscapes. The aim of this article is twofold; to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between masculine identities and farming practices and to identify possible theoretical pathways for future research that might assist us to identify and develop more sustainable ways of farming and rural life. S tudies have shown agriculture in Australia and other western nations to be a masculine domain of social practice where men see themselves as the farmers and the name 'farmer' is analogous to the identities and practices of men. In the context of current social, economic and environmental concerns that are perceived to threaten the sustainability of agriculture and many of its rural communities, it therefore seems likely that much of what has taken place historically in the practices of agriculture has a lot to do with men and therefore with masculinity. It follows that the future sustainability of agriculture will also have a lot to do with men and therefore with masculinity. Here, a review of the literature is used as a starting point in attempting to understand current knowledge about the relationships between masculinity and the rural, particularly the agricultural. Such an understanding is able to inform further necessary work in documenting the emerging story of agriculture and its farmers in the context of sustainability.Most current knowledge about masculinity in the rural and the agricultural emerged in discourse analysis from studies organised around the concept of gender as social practice within a framework informed by hegemonic masculinity theory (Campbell et al. 2006). The concept and theory have been used widely in

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Section: A Literature Review Of Rural Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Masculinities in the Rural and the Agricultural: A Literature Review

Coldwell

2009

Sociologia Ruralis

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“…According to Tö rnqvist (1995 p. 398), ''the forest estate constitutes a social space which links several generations in different types of commonality: shared values, living and work conditions and shared means of support''. However, there is a gendered structured division of work on family farms (Whatmore 1991) and within farm forestry (Johansson 1989, Strupstad 1993 which constitutes barriers for women's participation in forestry management (Brandth & Haugen 1998). Forestry knowledge is less often transferred from fathers to daughters than from fathers to sons and very seldom from mothers to children of either sex (Lidestav 1998b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Gender in Studies on Management Behaviour Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Lidestav¹,

Ekström²

2000

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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The genderization of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) ownership creates different conditions for male and female forest owners. To compare male and female forest management behaviour and to examine whether observed differences should be understood in terms of gender, data from the Swedish National Board of Forestry's interview inquiry were used. Differences in frequency of harvesting and silvicultural operations were examined by binary logistic regression and differences in harvesting volume were tested by a multiple regression analysis. In all analyses sex of the owner was introduced as one of the explanatory variables. The sex of the owner was found to have a significant effect on the frequency of harvesting, cleaning and supplementary planting, but not on planting and mechanized scarification. In the cases when the sex of the owner was a significant factor, the degree of activity among the female owners was found to be lower. Results regarding harvested volumes did not expose any significant differences in harvesting management strategies between male and female owners.

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“…Similar finding were noticed by Van Deenen and Kossen-Knorim (1981); these authors stated that less than two percent of men in farm households help in the domestic chores. housework and care work is uniformly the work of farmwomen (Blasche and inhetveen 1983;Whatmore 1991). Therefore, we point out that farmwoman deserve recognition for their work and respect for it at least, since they do not receive financial means.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the complex family relations affect the work division especially in the extended families, this aspect is rarely mentioned in literature (Sachs 1996). in literature, the inequitable position of women and the gender division of labour within nuclear families showed unequal relations between husbands and wives in terms of property, ownership, power and decision making on farms (James 1982;Delphy and Leonard 1986;Smith 1987, Whatmore 1991gasson and Errington 1993;Alston 1995). Despite the excessive literature (Whatmore 1991;Shortall 1994Shortall , 1999Young 1994;Teather 1996), still some questions demand more answers, like the meaning of domestic tasks in social roles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social roles of farmwomen: The case of Croatia

Peršurić¹

2011

Agric. Econ. - Czech

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Abstract:The article is based on a field research on family farms in croatia. on a sample of 350 farmwomen their social roles were analysed. The keys of the gender division of typical feminine tasks such as household tasks, family care tasks and the position in the family and on farm was analysed. Through statistical data processing in multivariate matrixes the latent matrix of independent variables: family, progessional position and farm economic status showed significant effects on matrix of dependent variables traditional feminine work, family care tasks and expectations of women hindering farmwoman's possibilities for off farm employment.

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Life cycle or patriarchy? Gender divisions in family farming

Cited by 95 publications

References 7 publications

Retracted: Masculinities in the Rural and the Agricultural: A Literature Review

Retracted: Masculinities in the Rural and the Agricultural: A Literature Review

Introducing Gender in Studies on Management Behaviour Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Social roles of farmwomen: The case of Croatia

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