Life Driven by Damaged Damage

Abstract

Although life is destined to be approximately described as a self-referential form, the self-reference is invalidated and life avoids a contradiction. Since life does not include any contradiction, it reveals a unity as a whole. Since life is not a self-circulation, it implements diversity and evolvability. Here we show life as invalidated self-reference by constructing a model cell driven by damaged damage. Since life is always close to destruction, it exhibits both of the amoebic motion and the intelligent Physarum-like behavior.

An associative learning experiment using the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum

“…For example, the mazesolving by the amoeba is performed by selection of the shorter tubes connecting two food sources at the entrance and the exit of the maze, after full search of the maze space [16]. For these tubular dynamics, some models have already been proposed [26,27,29,28,5,6,18]. Furthermore, by utilizing the locomotive and tactic activities of the sheets, the plasmodium can be used in some logical operations [1,2].…”

Network Coarsening Dynamics in a Plasmodial Slime Mould: Modelling and Experiments

“…Such a functionality demands a continuous and well-organised optimisation of the vein network. To understand the criteria according to which these networks are optimised, numerical simulations have been performed using a variety of models [6][7][8][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…A third group of models has been proposed to study changes in the topology of the vein networks of P. polycephalum [17][18][19][20][21][22]. These models are either cellular automata [17], agent-based models [18,19], or even hybrid agent-cellular automaton schemes [20][21][22].…”

“…A third group of models has been proposed to study changes in the topology of the vein networks of P. polycephalum [17][18][19][20][21][22]. These models are either cellular automata [17], agent-based models [18,19], or even hybrid agent-cellular automaton schemes [20][21][22]. Numerical studies using these models focused on the morphologies of developing networks [22], mimicking the growth and morphology of the plasmodium either under different environmental conditions [17], or in presence of multiple food sources [20][21][22].…”

“…These models have been used to simulate P. polycephalum's ability to solve mazes and to approximate Steiner minimum trees [20].…”