Life History Adaptation to Demographic Regime in Laboratory-Cultured tisbe furcata (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)

Bergmans, Marc

doi:10.2307/2408488

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indeed, apparent problems in many earlier life-history studies can perhaps be traced back to a failure to properly appreciate the eco-evolutionary feedbacks that are a critical part of density-independent versus density-dependent selection. For example, early laboratory selection experiments on protozoa, Drosophila spp., and other small invertebrates failed to show consistent evolutionary effects on life histories of maintaining populations at carrying capacity versus at densities well below carrying capacity (e.g., Luckinbil, 1979;Taylor & Condra, 1980;Barclay & Gregory, 1981;Mueller & Ayala, 1981;Bergmans, 1984; see reviews in Bradshaw & Holzapfel, 1989;Reznick et al, 2002), and F I G U R E 4 Illustration of the possible positions of different taxonomic groups in a notional two-dimensional continuum from fast-selected to slow-selected life histories in adult reproduction (red, equivalent to our trait z 1 ) and offspring mortality (blue, equivalent to our trait z 2 ). The main axis of variation remains bottom left (slow-selected "blue whales") to top right (fast-selected micro-organisms beyond "houseflies"), as in Figure 3a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting patterns of density‐dependent selection at different life stages can create more than one fast–slow axis of life‐history variation

Wright

Solbu

Engen

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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There has been much recent research interest in the existence of a major axis of life‐history variation along a fast–slow continuum within almost all major taxonomic groups. Eco‐evolutionary models of density‐dependent selection provide a general explanation for such observations of interspecific variation in the "pace of life." One issue, however, is that some large‐bodied long‐lived “slow” species (e.g., trees and large fish) often show an explosive “fast” type of reproduction with many small offspring, and species with “fast” adult life stages can have comparatively “slow” offspring life stages (e.g., mayflies). We attempt to explain such life‐history evolution using the same eco‐evolutionary modeling approach but with two life stages, separating adult reproductive strategies from offspring survival strategies. When the population dynamics in the two life stages are closely linked and affect each other, density‐dependent selection occurs in parallel on both reproduction and survival, producing the usual one‐dimensional fast–slow continuum (e.g., houseflies to blue whales). However, strong density dependence at either the adult reproduction or offspring survival life stage creates quasi‐independent population dynamics, allowing fast‐type reproduction alongside slow‐type survival (e.g., trees and large fish), or the perhaps rarer slow‐type reproduction alongside fast‐type survival (e.g., mayflies—short‐lived adults producing few long‐lived offspring). Therefore, most types of species life histories in nature can potentially be explained via the eco‐evolutionary consequences of density‐dependent selection given the possible separation of demographic effects at different life stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting patterns of density‐dependent selection at different life stages can create more than one fast–slow axis of life‐history variation

Wright

Solbu

Engen

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Several types of syndromes have recently been identified. They include the life-history syndrome (Bergmans, 1984), dispersal syndrome (Clobert, Galliard, Cote, Meylan, & Massot, 2009), behavioral syndrome (Dingemanse & Wolf, 2010;Pruitt et al, 2008;Sih & del Giudice, 2012;Sih et al, 2003;Stamps & Groothuis, 2010), and invasion syndrome (Chapple, Simmonds, & Wong, 2012). Each of these describes correlations among various behavioral and/or life-history traits such as aggression, boldness, activity, exploration, growth rate, reproductive strategy, and longevity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and correlation of physiological traits: Do ectotherms have a “thermal type”?

Goulet

Thompson

Chapple

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Across a range of taxa, individuals within a species differ in suites of correlated traits. These trait complexes, known as syndromes, can have dramatic evolutionary consequences as they do not evolve independently but rather as a unit. Current research focuses primarily on syndromes relating to aspects of behavior and life history. What is less clear is whether physiological traits also form a syndrome. We measured 10 thermal traits in the delicate skink, Lampropholis delicata, to test this idea. Repeatability was calculated and their across‐context correlations evaluated. Our results were in alignment with our predictions in that individual thermal traits varied consistently and were structured into a physiological syndrome, which we are referring to as the thermal behavior syndrome (TBS). Within this syndrome, lizards exhibited a “thermal type” with each being ranked along a cold–hot continuum. Hot types had faster sprint speeds and higher preferred body temperatures, whereas the opposite was true for cold types. We conclude that physiological traits may evolve as a single unit driven by the need to maintain optimal temperatures that enable fitness‐related behaviors to be maximized.

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“…For instance, "it was couched at the level of population regulation rather than demographic mechanism and confused statistical description of population processes with the selection pressures that act on individual organisms" (Stearns 1992, p. 206). In addition, the results of the experiments designed to test r-versus-K selection theory, performed on Drosophila (Taylor and Condra 1980;Barclay and Gregory 1981;Mueller and Ayala 1981;Bierbaum et al 1989), bean weevil (Aleksic et al 1993), copepods (Bergmans 1984), and protozoa (Luckinbill 1979), are ambiguous; several life-history traits diverged in the direction predicted by the theory, but some important traits did not evolve differences. Moreover, the results of some of these experiments conform more to the prediction from age-specific or bet-hedging models (see, e.g., Stearns [1992] for the analyses of these experiments) than to those from the r/K model alone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS IN THE BEAN WEEVIL (ACANTHOSCELIDES OBTECTUS):THE EFFECTS OF DENSITY-DEPENDENT AND AGE-SPECIFIC SELECTION

et al. 1997

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Four types of laboratory populations of the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus) have been developed to study the effects of density-dependent and age-specific selection. These populations have been selected at high (K) and low larval densities (r) as well as for reproduction early (Y) and late (O) in life. The results presented here suggest that the r- and K-populations (density-dependent selection regimes) have differentiated from each other with respect to the following life-history traits: egg-to-adult viability at high larval density (K > r), preadult developmental time (r > K), body weight (r > K), late fecundity (K > r), total realized fecundity (r > K), and longevity of males (r > K). It was also found that the following traits responded in statistically significant manner in populations subjected to different age-specific selection regimes: egg-to-adult viability (O > Y), body weight (O > Y), early fecundity (Y > O), late fecundity (O > Y), and longevity of females and males (O > Y). Although several life-history traits (viability, body weight, late fecundity) responded in similar manner to both density-dependent and age-specific selection regimes, it appears that underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms responsible for differentiation of the r/K and Y/O populations are different. We have also tested quantitative genetic basis of the bean weevil life-history traits in the populations experiencing density-dependent and age-specific selection. Among the traits traded-off within age-specific selection regimes, only early fecundity showed directional dominance, whereas late fecundity and longevity data indicated additive inheritance. In contrast to age-specific selecton regimes, three life-history traits (developmental time, body size, total fecundity) in the density-sependent regimes exhibited significant dominance effects. Lastly, we have tested the congruence between short-term and long-term effects of larval densities. The comparisons of the outcomes of the r/K selection regimes and those obtained from the low- and high-larval densities revealed that there is no congruence between the selection results and phenotypic plasticity for the analyzed life-history traits in the bean weevil.

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Life History Adaptation to Demographic Regime in Laboratory-Cultured tisbe furcata (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Contrasting patterns of density‐dependent selection at different life stages can create more than one fast–slow axis of life‐history variation

Contrasting patterns of density‐dependent selection at different life stages can create more than one fast–slow axis of life‐history variation

Repeatability and correlation of physiological traits: Do ectotherms have a “thermal type”?

LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS IN THE BEAN WEEVIL (ACANTHOSCELIDES OBTECTUS):THE EFFECTS OF DENSITY-DEPENDENT AND AGE-SPECIFIC SELECTION

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