Life-history decisions under predation risk: Importance of a game perspective

Bouskila, Amos; Roitberg, Bernard D.; Tenhumberg, Brigitte

doi:10.1023/a:1006585516023

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…If there is initial size variation and time constraints on reproduction, the optimal timing of metamorphosis can diVer among individuals based on initial size. Still others have applied game theory to incorporate frequency-dependent predation and dilution eVects (Bouskila et al 1998).…”

Section: Models Of Metamorphosis: When (And At What Size) Should Animmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting out alive: how predators affect the decision to metamorphose

2007

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Metamorphosis has intrigued biologists for a long time as an extreme form of complex life cycles that are ubiquitous in animals. While investigated from a variety of perspectives, the ecological focus has been on identifying and understanding the ecological factors that affect an individual's decision on when, and at what size, to metamorphose. Predation is a major factor that affects metamorphic decisions and a recent review by Benard (Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:651-673, 2004)) documented how predator cues induce metamorphic changes relative to model predictions. Importantly, however, real predators affect larval prey via several mechanisms beyond simple induction. In this paper, I contrast the leading models of metamorphosis, provide an overview of the multiple ways that predators can directly and indirectly affect larval growth and development (via induction, thinning, and selection), and identify how each process should affect the time to and size at metamorphosis. With this mechanistic foundation established, I then turn to the well-studied model system of larval amphibians to synthesize studies on: (1) caged predators (which cause only induction), and (2) lethal predators (which cause induction, thinning, and selection). Among the caged-predator studies, the chemical cues emitted by predators rarely induce a smaller size at metamorphosis or a shorter time to metamorphosis, which is in direct contrast to theoretical predictions but in agreement with Benard's (Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:651-673, 2004) review based on a considerably smaller dataset. Among the lethal-predator studies, there is a diversity of outcomes depending upon the relative importance of induction versus thinning with the relative importance of the two processes appearing to change with larval density. Finally, I review the persistent effects of larval predators after metamorphosis including both phenotypic and fitness effects. At the end, I outline a number of future directions to allow researchers to continue gaining insight into how predators affect the metamorphic decisions of their prey.

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Section: Models Of Metamorphosis: When (And At What Size) Should Animmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting out alive: how predators affect the decision to metamorphose

2007

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“…Are the decisions different for specialist and generalist herbivores? Such research questions are an exciting part of behavioral ecology (e.g., Anholt & Werner 1995, Bouskila et al 1998, Courtney 1986, Godin & Sproul 1988, Gotceitas et al 1995, Krebs & Davies 1984 and deserve the incorporation of studies on chemical ecology.…”

Section: Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Detection of Natural Enemies by Arthropods: An Ecological Perspective

Dicke

Grostal²

2001

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

237

158

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Food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that mediate direct and indirect interactions. The infochemicals may result in shifts in trait values, which affect the strength of species interactions. As a consequence, population dynamics and evolutionary changes can be affected. Chemical information can mediate the interactions between animals and their resources, competitors and enemies. Of all chemical information gathered by animals, cues about predation risk are of special significance because predation risk usually has important and immediate consequences on fitness. In this paper we selectively review the role of chemical information in enemy avoidance by arthropods. Arthropods not only constitute important components of food webs, being the largest group in numbers and species diversity; they also make excellent models for ecological studies. We discuss the evidence, the key mechanisms, and the trade-offs involved in chemical detection of enemies by potential arthropod prey. Further, we address the variation in prey responses and the evidence for learning in avoiding enemies by arthropods. Finally, we identify and prioritize major questions to be tackled by future studies.

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“…However, as noted, when the fitness from accelerated development depends on the developmental rate of conspecifics, game theory is needed to evaluate fitness payoffs (see e.g. 24,68).…”

Section: Functional Analyses Of Response To Conspecificsmentioning

confidence: 99%

JOINING ANDAVOIDANCEBEHAVIOR INNONSOCIALINSECTS

Prokopy

Roitberg

2001

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

Self Cite

153

110

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Groups of two or more consexual conspecific adults of many kinds of nonsocial insects have been observed to form at feeding, mating, ovipositional, or sheltering sites. Conversely, adults of these same insects have been observed to avoid joining consexual conspecifics (or their progeny) and to place themselves (or their progeny) at some distance that results in spacing. Examples from various taxa illustrate that mechanisms underlying joining or avoidance behavior differ among species, as do types of benefits and costs to individuals who decide to join or avoid others. Moreover, within a given species, the decision to join or avoid others can be affected markedly by the physiological and informational state of the individual and by contextual response thresholds to resource availability. Decisions that benefit the individual may or may not affect the group in terms of total reproductive output.

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Life-history decisions under predation risk: Importance of a game perspective

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Getting out alive: how predators affect the decision to metamorphose

Getting out alive: how predators affect the decision to metamorphose

Chemical Detection of Natural Enemies by Arthropods: An Ecological Perspective

JOINING ANDAVOIDANCEBEHAVIOR INNONSOCIALINSECTS

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