Life history of Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae).

Abstract

A list is given of the trematode cercariae which are commonly found in the estuarine gastropod, Pyrazus australis Quoy & Gaimard. These include: cercariae of a schistosome, Austrobilharzia terrigalensis Johnston, 1917, and of a heterophyid, Stictodora sp.; a monostomate xiphidiocercaria, probably belonging to the Microphallidae; two megalurous cercariae, probably belonging to the Philophthalmidae; and one echinostome cercaria. The life history of the latter, Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917, is described. No sporocysts were found. Two generations of rediae precede the cercariae, which have a collar with 23 spines in a single row, as in the adult. Cercariae encyst readily in Salinator fragilis (Lamarck), another gastropod living in the same habitat. Cysts were also found occasionally in P. australis and in small polychaetes of the Phanaerocephala group. Adults were obtained by feeding S. fragilis, which contained encysted cercariae, to the silver gull, Larus novae-hollandiae.

Mactra veneriformis, an Intertidal Clam, as a New Second Intermediate Host for Acanthoparyphium marilae (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

“…Brackish water gastropods, bivalves, or oysters play the role of a first or second intermediate host, or both [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].In the Republic of Korea, Chai et al [7] reported recently that Acanthoparyphium tyosenense Yamaguti, 1939 causes human infections. The complete life history of A. tyosenense has been previously elucidated; several species of brackish water mollusks have been demonstrated to harbor the metacercariae of A. tyosenense [7,9,10].…”

“…The natural definitive hosts of Acanthoparyphium are always aquatic birds, and the majority of them are migratory; some of them, like plovers, godwits, knots, and dotterels fly from Siberia to southern Australia [1][2][3][4][5]. Human infections were reported only in 1 species, A. tyosenense [7].…”

“…Brackish water gastropods, bivalves, or oysters play the role of a first or second intermediate host, or both [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…The genus Acanthoparyphium (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is a group of minute intestinal trematodes which parasitize the small intestine of aquatic birds in marine areas of the Republic of Korea, Japan, USA, the Philippines, Kuwait, India, Puerto Rico, and Australia [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Brackish water gastropods, bivalves, or oysters play the role of a first or second intermediate host, or both [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

A Case of Fulminating Amoebiasis

“…of the people. Bearup, Lawrence and Heydon (1949) found that 1.3 per cent. of 2,365 recruits to the armed forces who had never been out of Australia were passing Entamoeba histolytica cysts.…”