Life History of Glossobius Hemiramphi (Isopoda: Cymothoidae): Development, Reproduction, and Symbiosis with Its Host Hemiramphus Brasiliensis (Pisces: Hemiramphidae)

Bakenhaster, Micah D.; McBride, Richard S.; Price, W. Wayne

doi:10.1651/c-2573.1

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This observation agrees with the previous reports on other cymothoids Elthusa vulgaris (Brusca 1978), Anilocra pomacentri (Adlard and Lester 1995) and Glossobius hemiramphi (Bakenhaster et al 2006). The life cycle of C. frontalis passes through marsupial, free living and infective phases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…During the marsupial phase, six sequential and morphologically distinct stages including one zygotic, three embryonic (ES I-III) and two larval stages (pre-manca and manca) are completed. Marsupiumites of cymothoids E. vulgaris, A. pomacentri and G. hemiramphi have also been reported to have five distinct ontogenic stages (Brusca 1978;Adlard and Lester 1995;Bakenhaster et al 2006). The synchronized pattern of marsupial development as observed in C. frontalis (present study) looks comparable with what was reported in G. hemiramphi (Bakenhaster et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marsupiumites of cymothoids E. vulgaris, A. pomacentri and G. hemiramphi have also been reported to have five distinct ontogenic stages (Brusca 1978;Adlard and Lester 1995;Bakenhaster et al 2006). The synchronized pattern of marsupial development as observed in C. frontalis (present study) looks comparable with what was reported in G. hemiramphi (Bakenhaster et al 2006). However, in C. frontalis, the exact duration of the successive development of each marsupial stage from their preceding stage is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, it is observed that after a brief period of marsupial residence, the manca of C. frontalis is released into the water and lead a free swimming life until it infests the host fish (S. strongylura). Deviating from this pattern, the manca of G. hemiramphi have been shown to infest other species of fish temporarily, before settling on its specific host Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Bakenhaster et al 2006). The exact mechanism that helps manca to find its specific host is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reproductive activity was assessed through microscopic observations of the ovary (after dissecting out) and marsupiumites (after Sudha et al 2012;. Classification of the marsupial stages was carried out taking cues from Bakenhaster et al (2006). Fish taxonomy and host nomenclature were performed according to FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cymothoa frontalis, a cymothoid isopod parasitizing the belonid fish Strongylura strongylura from the Malabar Coast (Kerala, India): redescription, description, prevalence and life cycle

Thamban¹,

Kappalli²,

Kottarathil³

et al. 2015

Zool. Stud.

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Background: Cymothoa frontalis Milne Edward, 1840 is a very poorly described cymothoid, notwithstanding the previous redescription of the female. Pertinently, to date, the host of C. frontalis has not been identified with adequate precision. Most of the descriptions of cymothoids carried out hitherto were based primarily on females, but practically ignoring other life cycle stages. The present paper redescribes the female and describes other life cycle stages of the species C. frontalis to get better precision in their identification. Results:The female phase of C. frontalis is redescribed according to type specimens extant in the NMNH, Paris, and also by the data obtained from live specimens collected during the present study. The general morphology and appendages of various life cycle stages of the species are described. Among 80 fish species from 35 families examined, C. frontalis was recovered only from Strongylura strongylura signifying its oligoxenous host specificity, the prevalence and intensity being 68.65% and 1.9, respectively. Each host fish in more than 85% of the population was infested with a pair of C. frontalis, in three combinations, predominantly with male-female pair (70.9%). C. frontalis exhibited strict site specificity attaching to the buccal cavity of the host fish. The study has also identified three major phases (marsupial, free living and infective) in the life cycle of C. frontalis. The zygotic-staged marsupiumites were developed through five sequential ontogenetic stages. The manca released from the marsupium become infective after a brief period of free swimming life. During the infective phase, C. frontalis completes remaining life cycle stages with successive moulting. Further, six successive stages of the ovigerous females have also been identified. Conclusions: The present redescription of the female and the description of transitional, male, juvenile and larvae of C. frontalis facilitate precise identification of the species at any stage of the life cycle. Further, the strict host and site specificities of the parasite, as borne out from the present study, and its high degree of prevalence in the host make C. frontalis as an ideal model organism to study the strategies to be adopted for the management of parasites infesting edible fishes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cymothoa frontalis, a cymothoid isopod parasitizing the belonid fish Strongylura strongylura from the Malabar Coast (Kerala, India): redescription, description, prevalence and life cycle

Thamban¹,

Kappalli²,

Kottarathil³

et al. 2015

Zool. Stud.

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Diseases and Mortalities of Fishes and Other Animals in The Gulf of Mexico

Overstreet

Hawkins

2017

Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: Before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

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Life Cycle and Life History Strategies of Parasitic Crustacea

Williams

Bunkley-Williams

2019

Parasitic Crustacea

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Different parasitic life strategies are described including four new life cycles: complex rebrooding, micro-male, mesoparasite and prey-predator transfer. Four new life cycle behaviours are named: nursery hiding, mid-moult stage, positive precursor (intraspecific antagonism) and negative precursor (ambush strategy). Further strategies discussed are opossum attack, double parasitism (doubling of the normal reproductive set), duplex arrangement (separated male-female pairs), simple rebrooding, and describing how displaced parasites and superinfections may partly elucidate life cycles. Proportional stunting masks life history effects of parasitism; cuckoo copepods are true parasites and not just associates; burrowing barnacles (acrothoracicans) are not parasites. Further findings based on life cycle information: branchiurans and pentastomes are possibly not related; firefly seed shrimp are not parasites; copepod pre-adult life cycle stages are common in the western pacific but rare in Caribbean; harpacticoids on vertebrates are not parasites; cuckoo copepods are true parasites; explained the importance of pennellid intermediate hosts. Crustacean parasite life cycles are largely unknown (1% of species). Most crustacean life cycles represent minor modifications from the ancestral freeliving mode. Crustacean parasites have less complex and less modified life cycles than other major parasite groups. This limits their exploitation of, and effectiveness, in parasitism. However, these life cycles will be an advantage in Global Change. Most metazoan parasites will be eliminated while crustaceans (and nematodes) will inherit the new world of parasites.

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Life History of Glossobius Hemiramphi (Isopoda: Cymothoidae): Development, Reproduction, and Symbiosis with Its Host Hemiramphus Brasiliensis (Pisces: Hemiramphidae)

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Cymothoa frontalis, a cymothoid isopod parasitizing the belonid fish Strongylura strongylura from the Malabar Coast (Kerala, India): redescription, description, prevalence and life cycle

Cymothoa frontalis, a cymothoid isopod parasitizing the belonid fish Strongylura strongylura from the Malabar Coast (Kerala, India): redescription, description, prevalence and life cycle

Diseases and Mortalities of Fishes and Other Animals in The Gulf of Mexico

Life Cycle and Life History Strategies of Parasitic Crustacea

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