Life History of the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid, <I>Rhopalosiphum padi</I> (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Transgenic and Untransformed Wheat Challenged with <I>Barley yellow dwarf virus</I>

Abstract

The life history of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) was monitored on transgenic and untransformed (soft white winter wheat plants that were infected with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BLDV), noninfected, or challenged with virus-free aphids under laboratory conditions. Two transgenic soft white winter wheat genotypes (103.1J and 126.02) derived from the parental variety Lambert and expressing the barley yellow dwarf virus coat protein gene, and two untransformed varieties, virus-susceptible Lambert and virus-tolerant Caldwell, were tested. B. padi nymphal development was significantly longer on the transgenic genotypes infected with BYDV, compared with noninfected transgenic plants. In contrast, nymphal development on Lambert was significantly shorter on BYDV-infected than on noninfected plants. Nymphal development on noninfected Lambert was significantly longer than on noninfected transgenics. No significant difference in nymphal development period was detected between virus-infected and noninfected Caldwell. Aphid total fecundity, length of reproductive period, and intrinsic rate of increase were significantly reduced on BYDV-infected transgenic plants compared with BYDV-infected Lambert. In contrast, reproductive period, total adult fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase on noninfected Lambert were significantly reduced compared with noninfected transgenics. Transgenic plants infected with BYDV were inferior hosts for R. padi compared with infected Lambert. However, noninfected transgenics were superior hosts for aphids than noninfected Lambert. Moderate resistance to BYDV, as indicated by a significantly lower virus titer, was detected in the transgenic genotypes compared with the untransformed ones. Results show for the first time that transgenic virus resistance in wheat can indirectly influence R. padi life history.

Silencing of Odorant-Binding Protein Gene OBP3 Using RNA Interference Reduced Virus Transmission of Tomato Chlorosis Virus

“…Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) induced an increase in plant volatile emissions, and induced Myzus persicae to preferentially feed on the infected plants [34]. Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) can also induce the release of more volatiles from plants and induce prolonged aphid feeding [35]. The behavior of the insect vectors caused virus transmission.…”

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) directly affects the feeding and reproduction behavior of its vector, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

“…Viriliferous vectors have reduced fecundities [20,21]. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infested vectors Bemisia tabaci (Genadius) also have about for 17-23% shorter longevity and reduced fecundity of about 40-50% [22].…”

Barley yellow dwarf virus-infected wheat plant modulated selection behavior of vector aphids

“…In the current experiment, we used the BYDVinfected wheat plants with increased volatile components (trans-2-hexen-1-al, 2-pentylfuran, phenylacetaldehyde, or decanal) to perform dual-choice bioassays. Trans-2-hexen-1-al and phenylacetaldehyde have been previously reported as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (Cantelo and Jacobson 1979;James 2005). 2-Pentylfuran was previously reported as volatile aroma compounds in rice (Yang et al 2008) and decanal has been reported as a BYDV-induced wheat volatile (Medina-Ortega et al 2009).…”

“…The vector manipulation hypothesis (VMH) (Ingwell et al 2012) was built upon a framework of plant virus pathosystems (Mauck et al 2012;Luan et al 2014). Specifically, plant viruses can enhance their spread to new host plants by affecting the behavior/performance of mobile vectors which can interact with plant growth stages and disease progression (Jiménez-Martínez et al 2004a, 2004bBelliure et al 2005;Fereres and Moreno 2009). This type of basic research has important theoretical implications for plant virus ecology and evolution as well as applications in integrated pest management because vector-borne plant pathogens are economically important causal agents of serious diseases affecting productivity in agricultural and forestry ecosystems (Eigenbrode and Bosque-Pérez 2016).…”