Life history of the sooty beech scale (<i>Ultracoelostoma assimile</i>) (Maskell), (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in New Zealand<i>Nothofagus</i>forests

Morales, César; Hill, M. G.; Walker, Annette K.

doi:10.1080/00779962.1988.9722532

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…trees (Morales et al 1988). Honeydew is most common in the northern South Island, on the eastern side from Mt Somers northwards, and on the western side from Greymouth northwards (Wardle 1984 (N. fusca).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Honeydew density in mixedNothofagusforest, Westland, New Zealand

Kelly

1990

New Zealand Journal of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The distribution of the honeydewproducing sooty beech scale (Ultracoelostoma assimile)is very patchy; among the factors reported!y affecting it are host tree species, aspect, and trunk diameter. Honeydew density was examined in May 1989 and January 1990 in 0.6 ha of mixed red (Nothofagus fusca) and black (N. solandri var. solandri) beech forest, 30 km east of Greymouth in Westland. The insect was much more common on red beech (118 m20ftrunk in January) than on black beech (4.5 m-2 ) , which contrasts with the pattern on the east coast of the South Island. On red beech, there was no significant difference in density on the different aspects of the trunk (north, east, south, or west) inside closed forest. Insect density was related to trunk diameterinred beech, with highest densities on trunks of intermediate size (1Q-40 cm diameter). The effect of trunk diameter must be allowed for in calculating insect density per hectare. Overall, densities of the insect (89 300-104 400 ha') were similar to other data for Westland, but 100 times lower than for N. solandri forest in Canterbury. The scale insect clearly requires much more study.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-feeding juvenile and adult insects would be expected to make up 30-40% of the population in May (Morales et al 1988), but nonfeeding insects are not considered here. Effect of trunk d.b.h.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeydew density in mixedNothofagusforest, Westland, New Zealand

Kelly

1990

New Zealand Journal of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only the immature stages of the scale (1st -3rd female instars and 1st and 2nd male instars) actively feed on the phloem, and are hidden within a protective covering that is secreted by epidermal glands (Morales et al 1988). Like most phloem-feeding hemipterans, sooty beech scales produce a waste product called honeydew, which is high in carbohydrates (such as fructose, sucrose, and oligosaccharides) and low in protein (Dhami et al 2011;Grant and Beggs 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Invasive Vespula Wasps Utilize Kairomones to Exploit Honeydew Produced by Sooty Scale Insects, Ultracoelostoma

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vespula wasps are widely distributed invasive alien species that are able to reach high population densities in the 1.2 M ha of beech forests (Fuscospora spp.) of New Zealand's South Island. These endemic temperate forests have an abundance of carbohydrate-rich honeydew produced by native scale insects (Ultracoelostoma spp.). A characteristic aroma is associated with the honeydew in beech forests, which we hypothesized is the signal used by wasps to harvest the vast resources previously exploited by birds and other insects. Volatile collections were taken of black beech tree trunks with honeydew and sooty mold present, and analyzed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Eleven compounds (benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetaldehyde, methyl 2-phenylacetate, ethyl 2-phenylacetate, methyl salicylate, n-octanol, octan-3-ol, and 1-octen-3-ol) were positively identified from the headspace, and were shown to elicit an electrophysiological response from Vespula vulgaris worker antennae by using electroantennography (EAG). Field trials with delta traps individually baited with these compounds confirmed wasp attraction to 8 of the 11 compounds tested, with 2-phenylethyl acetate, methyl salicylate, and octan-3-ol capturing the same numbers of wasps as the control. In later trials, attraction to a 1:1 blend of benzaldehyde and n-octanol was significantly higher (45%) than to any other treatment. Many of the chemicals identified are known to be associated with fermenting sugars, or with fungal aroma. Benzaldehyde and n-octanol are common compounds produced by many different species in nature. The ability to respond to generic signals emanating from sugar resources is likely to contribute to the success of V. vulgaris as an invasive species.

show abstract

“…Common tree hosts of sooty moulds and their honeydew producers are Nothofagus (southern beech trees) and Leptospermum (tea tree), but sooty mould growth and associated H. hystrix may be found on several other trees and on various shrubs, even in open country, wherever sooty moulds are well established (see above). No one knows how long the sooty mould habitat has been present in New Zealand, but many taxa are restricted to it (e.g., Morales 1988), including all members of the New Zealand endemic beetle families Metaxinidae (Kolibáč 2004), Agapythidae , and Cyclaxyridae (Klimaszewski & Watt 1997).…”

Section: Comments On Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptions ofSoroniacomplex (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) larvae of New Zealand with comments on life history and taxonomy

Carlton¹,

Leschen

2007

New Zealand Entomologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We provide the first descriptions of larvae of the nitidulid beetles Soronia oculata Reitter and Hisparonia hystrix (Sharp), compare them with similar larvae of other nitidulids, and comment on the utility of larval data in phylogenetic studies. Soronia oculata larvae are quite similar to many other larvae within the Soronia genus complex, but those of H. hystrix are distinctly different, namely by having an unfringed, spinose mandibular prostheca, striations of mola obscured by blunt teeth, and malar setae that are course and restricted to the distal half. This supports the recent transfer of the species to a monotypic genus. Larvae of S. oculata inhabit fermenting sap flows on woody plants and those of H. hystrix are found on sooty moulds. Both species are endemic to New Zealand, where they are widespread. A single unconfirmed record of H. hystrix from Fiji might represent an introduction. A species list of New Zealand nitidulid taxa is appended.

show abstract

Life history of the sooty beech scale (Ultracoelostoma assimile) (Maskell), (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in New ZealandNothofagusforests

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Honeydew density in mixedNothofagusforest, Westland, New Zealand

Honeydew density in mixedNothofagusforest, Westland, New Zealand

Invasive Vespula Wasps Utilize Kairomones to Exploit Honeydew Produced by Sooty Scale Insects, Ultracoelostoma

Descriptions ofSoroniacomplex (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) larvae of New Zealand with comments on life history and taxonomy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About